{"title":"Asia","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"the-reagan-administration-the-auto-producers-and-the-1981-agreement-with-japan","title":"Case 144 - The Reagan Administration, the Auto Producers, and the 1981 Agreement with Japan","description":"\u003cp\u003eReich, Simon\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe 1981 Voluntary Export Restraint Agreement on the Japanese automobile industry placed a ceiling on the number of autos it exported to the United States. This case study shows how even the largest countries in the international economy must negotiate while constrained by domestic and systemic pressures. It also demonstrates the pedagogical value of having an independent way of deciding what constitutes a negotiated settlement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602748,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/144_1.jpg?v=1437070921"},{"product_id":"korean-joggers","title":"Case 111 - Korean Joggers","description":"\u003cp\u003eOdell, John and David Lang\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn April 1977 the United States asked South Korea and Taiwan to restrain their export of shoes to the U.S. market. This was the first time the United States used the formal Orderly Marketing Agreement to restrict the import of goods, other than textiles, from developing countries. This case study demonstrates how weak states can successfully negotiate with strong ones through the effective use of various tactics and bargaining strategies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602772,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/111_1.jpg?v=1437069718"},{"product_id":"restraining-trade-to-invoke-investment-miti-and-the-japanese-auto-producers","title":"Case 167 - Restraining Trade to Invoke Investment: MITI and the Japanese Auto Producers","description":"\u003cp\u003eReich, Simon\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the evolution of Japanese business-government relations over a five-decade period, centered on the dynamic interaction between the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japanese auto producers, and the U.S. government. The study describes the Japanese dilemma in adopting the 1981 Voluntary Export Restraint Agreement, which was the product of consultation, if not formal negotiation, between Washington and Tokyo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602808,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/167_1.jpg?v=1437161777"},{"product_id":"competition-among-japan-the-united-states-and-europe-over-high-definition-television","title":"Case 168 - Competition among Japan, the United States, and Europe over High-Definition Television","description":"\u003cp\u003eKrauss, Ellis S.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe first part of this case study describes the development of high-definition television by Japan’s public broadcaster, NHK, and the efforts to gain acceptance for its technology as the international standard. The second part describes how European resistance to this standard led to the collapse of U.S. support for Japanese technology and the probable development of three separate systems of HDTV in the world. This case study reveals the complicated patterns of competition and cooperation resulting from national interest in contemporary international economic relations, and explores how the introduction, development, and applications of a new technology are all influenced by national and international politics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602816,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/168_1.jpg?v=1437161788"},{"product_id":"shifting-winds-and-strong-currents-george-bush-charts-a-trade-policy-approach-to-japan","title":"Case 180 - Shifting Winds and Strong Currents: George Bush Charts a Trade-Policy Approach to Japan","description":"\u003cp\u003eFratantuono, Michael J.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis two-part case study explores the George H.W. Bush administration’s formulation of trade policy objectives in light of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, through which Congress hoped to take a more interventionist role in U.S. trade policy toward Japan. It illustrates the complex relationship between the legislative and executive branches of government on trade issues; the link between aggressive unilateralism and multilateralism in formulating trade policy; the distinction between micro- and macroeconomic causes of the trade imbalance between the U.S. and Japan; and the manner in which the Bush administration attempted to assuage the competing concerns of various stakeholders. It is useful for both undergraduate and graduate courses in international economics, trade theory, and political economy.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602820,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/case_180_new_cover.jpg?v=1532528341"},{"product_id":"human-rights-and-trade-the-clinton-administration-and-china","title":"Case 201 - Human Rights and Trade: The Clinton Administration and China","description":"\u003cp\u003eAuger, Vincent A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis three-part case study examines the Clinton administration’s efforts to balance important competing interests in its policy toward China: trade and human rights. Specifically, the administration had to decide whether to link renewal of China’s most-favored-nation trading status to a demonstrable improvement in Beijing’s human rights practices. Part A examines the development of policy from January to May 1993, when the administration was legally bound to make its first decision regarding MFN linkage. Part B describes the policy adopted by Clinton in May 1993, which conditioned future MFN renewal on China’s human rights record and the administration’s attempt to implement that policy over the next 12 months. It ends with the second decision point in May 1994, when the president had to decide whether to penalize China for inadequate progress on human rights by revoking or limiting its MFN status. Part C describes Clinton’s May 1994 decision on MFN and the immediate aftermath.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602852,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/201_new_cover.jpg?v=1532631201"},{"product_id":"values-versus-interests-the-u-s-response-to-the-tiananmen-square-massacre","title":"Case 224 - Values Versus Interests: The U.S. Response to the Tiananmen Square Massacre","description":"\u003cp\u003eHyer, Eric A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis two-part case study describes the conflict between. Congress and President George H.W.  Bush over U.S. policy toward China following the Tiananmen Square Massacre of June 4, 1989. It juxtaposes the Bush administration’s emphasis on securing U.S. interests and maintaining a policy of engagement toward China with Congress’s concern for upholding human rights and democratic values by punishing Beijing.  The study traces the debate and legislative effort s during the rest of 1989, concluding with President Bush’s January 1990 decision to veto sanctions and Congress’s unsuccessful attempt to override that veto.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602860,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_224_new.jpg?v=1532980178"},{"product_id":"gazproms-grab-for-sakhalin-ii","title":"Case 321 - Gazprom's Grab for Sakhalin-II","description":"\u003cp\u003eRotnem, Thomas E.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1994 the Russian Federation signed a production sharing agreement with a consortium of Dutch, Japanese, and American corporations to develop major oil and gas reserves on Sakhalin Island. This case study examines Moscow’s 2006 expropriation of Sakhalin-II, as the project is known, by Gazprom, a state-owned company. (A sister project, known as Sakhalin-I, has not encountered such difficulties.) After detailing the crisis that pitted the Russian government against the Royal Dutch Shell-directed energy consortium, the study puts forth several competing theories to explain Moscow’s motives. It is designed to engage students in an analysis and discussion of what this case portends for the future of Russian economic and political reform, as well as Moscow’s role in world affairs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602864,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_321_new.jpg?v=1524245941"},{"product_id":"negotiating-neutrality-austria-and-the-european-union","title":"Case 278 - The Race to Produce the World's Cleanest Car: Public Policy Issues","description":"\u003cp\u003eLetovsky, Robert\u003c\/p\u003e\nThis case study examines the U.S. government’s Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, an initiative aimed at bringing American automakers together to produce a high-efficiency vehicle by 2004. The case presents various models of industrial policy, then describes the technological, economic, and legislative issues facing both policymakers and the auto firms as they addressed the issue of how to close the gap with Japanese firms. Issues such as who should be the beneficiaries of public policy efforts, and how far policy should go in leading a market, are raised in the case.\u003cbr class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602968,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/278_1.jpg?v=1437184801"},{"product_id":"environmental-protection-or-economic-development-the-case-of-the-huai-river-basin-clean-up-plan","title":"Case 252 - Environmental Protection or Economic Development? The Case of the Huai River Basin Clean-Up Plan","description":"\u003cp\u003eLetovsky, Rovert, Reza Rmazani, and Debra Murphy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the Chinese government’s plan to clean up the Huai River and its surrounding basin, against a backdrop of rapid economic growth, accompanied by large-scale environmental degradation. The Huai River Basin clean-up plan is a microcosm of a broader question: Will China, with its massive environmental problems, be able to avoid a large-scale crisis? Because the plan’s implementation is predicated on a significant level of foreign investment, this study is particularly useful for students of international political economy, environmental and international economics, and economic development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602972,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_252_copy.jpg?v=1551904568"},{"product_id":"a-notable-success-or-too-many-loopholes-japan-and-the-1997-kyoto-protocol-on-climate-change","title":"Case 253 - A Notable Success or Too Many Loopholes? Japan and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change","description":"\u003cp\u003eMori, Katsuhiko\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis two-part case study explores the possibilities and limits of Japan’s leadership role in the global political economy. As the host of the Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Tokyo was tasked with reconciling differences, at home and abroad, over the key issues for the Kyoto Protocol to be adopted in December 1997. This task is viewed through the perspective of Shohei Yonemoto, a member of the Committee on the Global Environment of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry’s Industrial Structure Council. His dilemma: As a leading member of an environmental nongovernmental organization, he favors a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Yet as an employee of Mitsubishi, he has to take into account the concerns of company executives with regard to economic competitiveness. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis study is suitable for courses in international political economy, foreign policy analysis, or Japan studies. It could also be used for professional training in government agencies and companies involved with global environmental issues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602976,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_253_copy.jpg?v=1551900920"},{"product_id":"up-in-arms-russias-sale-of-cryogenic-rocket-engines-to-india","title":"Case 256 - Up in Arms: Russia's Sale of Cryogenic Rocket Engines to India","description":"\u003cp\u003eKempton, Daniel R. and Roni Du Preez\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1991 Russia proposed the sale of cryogenic rocket engines and related manufacturing technology to the Indian Space Agency. When the implications of the sale became public in 1993, President Boris Yeltsin came under considerable pressure from the United States, Pakistan, and China to cancel the sale. This two-part case study deals primarily with the motives behind high-technology sales. It also deals with how nations react to such sales when they perceive a threat to individual national security.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602992,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/256_1.jpg?v=1437184188"},{"product_id":"1996-taiwan-strait-crisis-the-united-states-and-china-at-the-precipice-of-war","title":"Case 259 - The 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis: The United States and China at the Precipice of War?","description":"\u003cp\u003eRussell, Richard L.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEven as China takes on increasing importance to U.S. national security, Sino-American relations are bound to include a strong focus on the issue of Taiwan. Fortunately, as this case study explains, the March 1996 crisis in the Taiwan Strait illustrates how a potential flashpoint for direct conflict between Chinese and American military forces can be successfully averted. Examination of this study might yield important insights that might help avoid future conflicts in the region, as well as the world at large.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study proceeds in several parts. First, it gives historical background to the stubborn political dilemma posed by the U.S.-China-Taiwan relationship. Second, the study discusses developments in 1995 and 1996 that threatened to undermine the status quo. Third, a discussion of the nature of increasing Chinese military activity in the run-up to Taiwanese presidential elections in March 1996 is presented. Fourth, the study discusses the U.S. political and military response to increasing Chinese political and military pressure on Taiwan. The case study concludes with a discussion of the events that characterized the end of the crisis. Discussion questions are given at the end of each section.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603004,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/259_new_cover.jpg?v=1551390901"},{"product_id":"managing-the-asian-meltdown-the-imf-and-south-korea","title":"Case 262 - Managing the Asian Meltdown: The IMF and South Korea","description":"\u003cp\u003eCorning, Gregory P.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study asks students to consider the causes of the Korean economic crisis of 1997-1998 and assess the appropriateness of the International Monetary Fund’s response to it.  On a more general level, the case explores the evolving role of the IMF by asking students to think about the responsibility of both lenders and borrowers in the Asian crisis, the problem of moral hazard, and the necessity of structural adjustment in crisis countries. It is designed for use in courses dealing with international political economy or East Asian politics. Although the study will work best for students who already have some background on the IMF and exchange rates, appendices on both subjects have been included to make the case as self-contained as possible.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe case works on two levels. First, it introduces students to the “Asian miracle” through the example of South Korea. It then points to some of the strengths and weaknesses of developmental states in discussing the Korean economy’s rise and its dramatic fall in 1997. The case then asks students to assess different explanations of the meltdown in South Korea in evaluating the IMF's response to the crisis. The case also explores the evolving role of the IMF and the responsibility of both lenders and borrowers in the Asian crisis, the problem of moral hazard, and the necessity of structural adjustment in crisis countries.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603028,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/262_new_cover.jpg?v=1542388728"},{"product_id":"american-military-retaliation-for-terrorism-judging-the-merits-of-the-1998-cruise-missile-strikes-in-afghanistan-and-sudan","title":"Case 263 - American Military Retaliation for Terrorism: Judging the Merits of the 1998 Cruise Missile Strikes in Afghanistan and Sudan","description":"\u003cp\u003eRussell, Richard L.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn 1998 President Bill Clinton used military force to retaliate for terrorism against U.S. interests. His administration determined that Osama bin Laden, a Saudi exile and international terrorist who would later mastermind the 9\/11 attacks, had orchestrated the near-simultaneous truck bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania that August, killing 263 people, including 12 Americans. The Clinton administration argued that military retaliation against bin Laden’s organization was appropriate, both to mete out justice for the heinous acts and to deter future terrorist attacks against U.S. interests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe resulting cruise missile strikes sparked heated American and international criticism. Potential adversaries, particularly in the Middle East and Russia, opposed the unilateral act as a rash action. Many observers were skeptical of the veracity of the intelligence linking bin Laden to the targets, particularly in Sudan. Other observers claimed that President Clinton had sought to use military action to divert American public and international attention from the worsening domestic scandal over his sexual relationship with a young White House intern, Monica Lewinsky, and increasing calls for his impeachment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study offers insights into the American foreign policy decision-making process during a crisis, including the ways in which domestic political pressures influence foreign policy. It also raises the issue of the uses and limitations of force to retaliate against terrorism targeting U.S. interests. Finally, the study could be mined for 'lessons learned' to inform decision-making and policy options in the event of future terrorist attacks against U.S. interests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eFor these reasons, it could be used in security and strategic studies courses that examine the use of force as an instrument of national policy in international relations, as well as more specialized instruction that analyzes terrorism as an international phenomenon, or looks at intelligence collection and analysis and their interface with policymaking.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603040,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/263_1.jpg?v=1437152364"},{"product_id":"a-madmans-appetite-operation-menu-the-nixon-administration-and-the-secret-bombing-in-cambodia","title":"Case 270 - A Madman's Appetite--Operation Menu: The Nixon Administration and the Secret Bombing in Cambodia","description":"\u003cp\u003eBaird, Tara and Lynn M. Kuzma\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the Nixon administration’s 1969 decision to bomb Cambodia in a covert operation designed to destroy North Vietnamese sanctuaries. This case can be used to explore how presidential personality characteristics affect the decision-making process; examine the structure and role of the National Security Council; and stimulate discussion concerning the role of public opinion, the power of the president, and secrecy in foreign policy decision-making.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603056,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/270_1.jpg?v=1437184627"},{"product_id":"mischief-on-mischief-reef-chinese-adventures-in-the-spratly-islands","title":"Case 274 - Mischief on Mischief Reef: Chinese Adventures in the Spratly Islands","description":"\u003cp\u003ePitzl, Jerry\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study focuses on an incident in the South China Sea involving Chinese occupation of one of the Spratly Islands, a cluster of tiny reefs about 280 miles southeast of Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam, and 775 miles northeast of Singapore. Japan seized the area in 1939 and used it as a submarine base during World War II, but renounced its rights to the islands in 1951. The departure of U.S. forces from the Philippines and the collapse of the Soviet Union, among other factors, created a power vacuum in the region which Beijing has not hesitated to fill.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603076,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/274_new_cover.jpg?v=1551389484"},{"product_id":"dangerous-lisisons-satellites-missiles-and-clintons-technology-transfer-policy-to-china","title":"Case 277 - Dangerous Liaisons? Satellites, Missiles, and Clinton's Technology Transfer Policy to China","description":"\u003cp\u003eMoskowitz, Eric and Jeffrey S. Lantis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003eThis three-part case study explores how the Clinton administration altered its trade policy with China as part of a larger engagement strategy. Part A describes the formal legal setting of U.S. export control policy and key actors involved in decisions about the transfer of high technology products to other countries. Part B focuses on President Bill Clinton’s decision to transfer satellite export control review authority from the State Department to the Commerce Department, facilitating a more rapid review of satellite deals in the future. It captures the intense bureaucratic struggles over satellite exports and the complex interests and corporate pressures that played into this White House decision to relax export controls. Part C explores the evolution of key bureaucratic positions, the revelation of illegal technology transfers, and congressional investigations of trade ties, which--coupled with broader concerns about Chinese military capabilities, missile proliferation, and human rights violations--led to the February 1999 decision to oppose a technology transfer waiver, reversing a decade of U.S. foreign policy. An epilogue traces the impact of these decisions on bilateral relations and the commercial satellite industry. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603088,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/277_1.jpg?v=1437152403"},{"product_id":"fog-of-war-natos-bombing-of-the-chinese-embassy-in-belgrade","title":"Case 281 - Fog of War: NATO's Bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade","description":"\u003cp\u003eRussell, Richard L.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn March 1999 North Atlantic Treaty Organization members commenced a massive air campaign—the largest military operation in NATO history—to compel Serbia to withdraw its forces from Kosovo and allow for the repatriation of returning Kosovars under the protection of an international military force. This case study centers on an episode in the midst of that campaign, when NATO aircraft mistakenly bombed the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, killing three Chinese citizens and wounding many others.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThat incident is a snapshot of the significant dilemmas inherent in modern warfare, despite the advent of precision munitions. It starkly reminds students that modern technology has not yet eliminated what Clausewitz called the “fog of war,” which prevents participants from seeing their positions as clearly as those of their adversaries on the battlefield.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study could be integrated into a variety of courses at the undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels of education. It could be exploited in courses on security studies that examine the threat of, use, and management of force in international relations. It also could be used in courses dealing with multinational military intervention in the post-Cold War period, U.S. national security and defense policy, European security and the trans-Atlantic relationship, American intelligence and policy, and American-Chinese relations.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603104,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/281_new_cover.jpg?v=1532981707"},{"product_id":"american-international-group-trade-liberalization-and-the-grandfathering-principle","title":"Case 283 - American International Group: Trade Liberalization and the Grandfathering Principle","description":"\u003cp\u003eBeckner, Christian\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThroughout the 1990s the American International Group (AIG), one of the world’s largest insurance companies, was actively engaged in the process of international trade liberalization, and faced a number of challenges to its existing investments in a set of countries during this period. These episodes have encouraged the development of a new principle in trade liberalization: the grandfathering principle.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study chronicles the company’s efforts to maintain its investments in a set of countries—most notably in Malaysia and China—focusing on the development of the grandfathering principle throughout this process. It highlights the challenges and rewards associated with being an internationally focused company, and offers a window into business-government relations.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603116,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/283_1.jpg?v=1437184964"},{"product_id":"out-of-india-enron-and-the-politics-of-economic-liberalization","title":"Case 284 - Out of India: Enron and the Politics of Economic Liberalization","description":"\u003cp\u003eParvi, Tinaz and Thomas Rotnem\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe controversy that dogged Enron Corporation’s Dabhol power project in the Indian state of Maharashtra for more than a decade is the subject of this case study. Starting in 1992 the project, India’s single-largest foreign direct investment at the time, became mired in massive legal wrangling. Economic imperatives, domestic politics, and nationalist sentiment combined to create the twists and turns that the project took over the next decade. Enron’s 2002 bankruptcy and the scandal surrounding it only added to the disarray that would eventually lead to the project’s 2005 takeover by Ratnagiri Gas and Power Private Limited, a state-owned company.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603120,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/284_1.jpg?v=1437185012"},{"product_id":"driving-to-discord-u-s-japan-auto-and-auto-parts-dispute-1993-1995","title":"Case 285 - Driving to Discord: U.S.- Japan Auto and Auto Parts Dispute, 1993-1995","description":"\u003cp\u003eElms, Deborah\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1995, the United States and Japan came as close as they have ever come to a full-scale trade war over increased market access for U.S. autos and auto parts. The United States had threatened, under an American trade law called Section 301, to impose sanctions worth nearly $6 billion on luxury automobiles imported from Japan if a satisfactory agreement could not be reached. Japan responded by bringing a complaint against the United States in the World Trade Organization (WTO).  The net result would have been a direct loss of bilateral trade worth over $10 billion. This case study recounts the torturous path to a final agreement, reached literally minutes before the Section 301 sanctions would have gone into effect.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603124,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/285_1.jpg?v=1437185053"},{"product_id":"the-united-states-and-the-1958-rebellion-in-indonesia","title":"Case 286 - The United States and the 1958 Rebellion in Indonesia","description":"\u003cp\u003eBrichoux, David and Doborah J. Gerner\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study examines U.S.  Involvement, both covert and overt, in Indonesian politics during the 1950s, a pivotal period in the newly independent nation’s history. The United States encouraged dissident officers in their military campaign against the central government, hoping this would force Jakarta to prevent the Partai Kommunist Indonesia (PKI) from winning parliamentary elections. This policy had the unforeseen consequence of alienating the anti-communist Indonesian military leadership, thus threatening larger U.S. goals. The policy was eventually dropped in favor of a conciliatory approach toward the Indonesian government, averting a PKI victory. The study makes extensive use of declassified primary source materials to illustrate the evolving perspectives of U.S. policymakers. It is appropriate for graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses in U.S. foreign policy and comparative politics, especially those dealing with Asia.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603132,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/286_1.jpg?v=1437152454"},{"product_id":"courting-the-dragon-nixons-rapprochement-with-china","title":"Case 288 - Courting the Dragon: Nixon's Rapprochement with China","description":"\u003cp\u003eKuzma, Lynn, Steve Leivel, and Jason Edwards\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003ePresident Richard M. Nixon’s dreams of global stability through the construction of a triangular balance of power among the world’s superpowers reached fruition as he descended the aluminum loading stairs of Air Force One in Beijing on February 21, 1972. The mere fact of his visit to the People's Republic of China signaled a revolutionary change in Sino-American relations, but it also placed an effective check on the United States' chief global rival: the Soviet Union. This case study recounts Nixon’s dogged pursuit of a brash initiative that allowed him to exert the maximum influence of his office and secure his place in the history of world politics. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603136,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/288_new_cover.jpg?v=1533237248"},{"product_id":"riding-a-submarine-to-the-conference-table-a-case-study-in-u-s-dprk-diplomacy","title":"Case 289 - Riding a Submarine to the Conference Table: A Case Study in U.S.-DPRK Diplomacy","description":"\u003cp\u003eJohn, Eric G.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis multi-part case study examines the negotiations between the United States and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea that resolved the September 1996 incursion of a North Korean submarine into South Korean waters. The incident caused the deaths of more than a dozen South Korean civilians and soldiers, as well as nearly all two dozen crew and commandos who came ashore in the South. The case demonstrates the unique nature of three-party talks where only two parties sit at the table, and offers important insights into the interagency process of U.S. diplomacy.  Written by a member of the U.S. negotiating team, the study looks at how far a negotiator can push the interagency process, versus how far the process should be allowed to dictate the negotiations.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603148,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/289_new_cover.jpg?v=1551388847"},{"product_id":"a-man-between-two-countries-president-fujimori-and-the-japanese-ambassadors-residence-hostage-crisis","title":"Case 291 - A Man Between Two Countries: President Fujimori and the Japanese Ambassador's Residence Hostage Crisis","description":"\u003cp\u003eGarrison, Steve\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study examines a crucial point in the development of democracy in Peru: President Alberto Fujimori’s decision to use force to free 72 hostages from the Japanese ambassador’s residence. Peru, only recently democratic, was struggling with the transition to a civilian-led government amidst the pressures of terrorism and economic decline.  Fujimori’s decision to use force to free the hostages provides an excellent opportunity to examine the pressures that leaders in newly democratized countries face, both domestically and internationally, in times of crisis. This case could be used in courses covering Latin American politics, comparative politics, or regime transitions.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603164,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/291_1.jpg?v=1437185246"},{"product_id":"defusing-anti-americanism-in-south-korea-the-practice-of-us-public-diplomacy","title":"Case 298 - Defusing Anti-American in South Korea: The Practice of U.S. Public Diplomacy","description":"\u003cp\u003eOh, Wei Nam\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003eThis case study explores the effectiveness of U.S. public diplomacy in South Korea in defusing growing anti-Americanism, which intensified following the 1980 Kwangju incident, in which a student protest was brutally suppressed with the alleged acquiescence of U.S. forces. Three questions are central to the case: What explains the rise of anti-Americanism in South Korea? How has this anti-Americanism affected bilateral relations? And what kind of U.S. public diplomacy might be effective in defusing anti-Americanism in South Korea? \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603200,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_298_new.jpg?v=1533237873"},{"product_id":"a-helping-hand-eliminating-child-labor-in-bangladeshs-garment-industry","title":"Case 315 - A Helping Hand? Eliminating Child Labor in Bangladesh's Garment Industry","description":"\u003cp\u003eElms, Deborah\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study reviews what happens when an apparently “good” idea in one country comes with serious consequences for real-world participants on the other side of the globe. Few in the West would say that children, especially those as young as 8, should be working in factories for up to 20 hours per day. But the sudden imposition and enforcement of child labor laws prohibiting children from earning wages in Bangladesh’s garment industry cost more than 50,000 children their jobs. In response, a novel coalition, comprised of the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA), International Labor Organization (ILO), and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), formed to create an alternative education system for unemployed child garment workers. As this study explains, the results were critical in designing other programs to address the issue of child labor worldwide.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603284,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_315_new_c945d40b-3b41-46d5-bdff-92c3afa1b053.jpg?v=1524245017"},{"product_id":"its-not-just-the-economy-stupid-linking-free-trade-and-the-war-on-terror","title":"Case 316 - It's Not Just the Economy, Stupid: Linking Free Trade and the War on Terror","description":"\u003cp\u003eAuerswald, David and Caroline Shaver\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003eBetween 2000 and 2004, the U.S. government pursued a series of bilateral free trade agreements with Australia, Chile, New Zealand, and Singapore. Some of these countries eventually concluded an FTA with the United States, while others did not. This case study considers two explanations of U.S. behavior toward these countries. The first focuses on purely economic concerns: Was a free trade agreement in the economic interests of the United States as a whole, and\/or of major U.S. industries and sectors of the economy? The second focuses on the use of trade to leverage or reward broad security cooperation with the United States, particularly after the 9\/11 attacks and during the buildup to the Iraq War. The study then reviews the outcome of each set of negotiations in terms of which framework it better fits into. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003eThe narrative is divided into three parts. The first discusses the rationales, for free trade as well as the procedural steps required for a free trade agreement in this country. It also assesses the economic benefits of free trade and how trade agreements could be used to entice cooperation on unrelated security issues, in much the same way as economic sanctions are used to punish unwanted behavior and coerce states to change their behavior for the better. The second section reviews the economic rationale for bilateral free trade agreements between the United States and each of the four countries. Part three discusses the major security policies of each country as they reacted to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, as well as the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003. Part four reviews the eventual outcome of each FTA negotiation. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603300,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_316_copy-3.jpg?v=1540828652"},{"product_id":"gender-quotas-in-afghanistan-solution-or-problem","title":"Case 317 - Gender Quotas in Afghanistan: Solution or Problem","description":"\u003cp\u003ePiatti-Crocker, Adriana and Daniel R. Kempton\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the 2001 international intervention in Afghanistan to oust the radical Islamist Taliban regime and establish a new government, Sima Samar and several other women were elected as members of a \u003cem\u003eloya jirga\u003c\/em\u003e, national convention. Because women in Afghanistan have been traditionally denied political and civil rights, the female delegates pressed the new National Assembly to set gender quotas to secure the participation of women in the country’s legislative branch. This two-part case study asks whether such quotas strengthen the consolidation of open and responsive democracies, or are more likely to provoke a violent backlash. It is designed to be used in general introductory courses in comparative politics or international relations, but would also fit classes dealing with the role of women or Middle Eastern politics.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603316,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/317_1.jpg?v=1437185936"},{"product_id":"the-russo-japanese-alliance-of-1916","title":"Case 124 - The Russo-Japanese Alliance of 1916","description":"\u003cp\u003eBerton, Peter\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003eThis case study examines the complex negotiations between Japan and Russia during World War I, which culminated in a treaty of alliance in July 1916. It also demonstrates how reversal of traditional enmity works and how alignments often change in the pursuit of the same goals. This study will contribute to an understanding of the dynamics of international relations in a non-European setting, during one of the most crucial periods in modern history. This case can be taught in courses on international relations in the Asia\/Pacific region, diplomatic relations in East Asia, and international history of the 19th and 20th centuries, Russian foreign policy, or Japanese foreign policy. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603380,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/124_1.jpg?v=1437070679"},{"product_id":"the-nixon-administration-and-vietnam-a-case-study-in-negotiation-and-war-termination","title":"Case 130 - The Nixon Administration and Vietnam: A Case Study in Negotiation and War Termination","description":"\u003cp\u003eGeipel, Gary\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study focuses on the final phase of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, beginning in 1969, as President Richard Nixon sought to disengage the United States from the conflict. This was a wrenching and pivotal experience, affecting America’s willingness to commit itself abroad and its perception of its actual political leverage in international bargaining. The study asks students to consider why—since the peace accord reached in early 1973 did not differ markedly from the terms of a 1969 peace plan\u003cspan\u003e—\u003c\/span\u003eit took the two sides four years to reach a settlement.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603404,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/130_1.jpg?v=1437070746"},{"product_id":"u-s-negotiations-with-the-republic-of-south-vietnam-1961","title":"Case 131 - U.S. Negotiations with the Republic of South Vietnam, 1961","description":"\u003cp\u003eLawrence, Stewart and Roger Hilsman\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study analyzes President John F. Kennedy’s decision to increase American support to South Vietnam after taking office in 1961, a major turning point in U.S. involvement in Indochina. It examines how Kennedy came to that decision and traces the negotiations between U.S. and Vietnamese officials over the terms of aid, as well as the internal American debate about how to deal with President Ngo Dinh Diem.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603412,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/131_1.jpg?v=1437070758"},{"product_id":"the-united-states-and-china-1944-46","title":"Case 149 - The United States and China, 1944-1946","description":"\u003cp\u003eHoward, James R. and David S. Painter\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003eDuring World War II, U.S. policymakers realized that the Chinese Communist Party posed a real challenge to the U.S.-backed nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek. In an attempt to achieve its goal of a strong, unified, and pro-Western China, the United States, from mid-1944 to the end of 1946, attempted to mediate a political settlement between the nationalist and communist forces, to avert a full-scale civil war and communist victory. Unfortunately, these efforts failed. This case study explores, in a concrete historical context, the debate within the U.S. government over China policy. Designed for use in courses on the origins of the Cold War, the study is also appropriate for courses on U.S. diplomatic history and U.S. policy toward China. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603432,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/149_new_cover.jpg?v=1551907330"},{"product_id":"the-u-s-japanese-fsx-fighter-agreement","title":"Case 170 - The U.S.-Japanese FSX Fighter Agreement","description":"\u003cp\u003eOrtmayer, Louis L.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the spring of 1989 the newly inaugurated George H.W. Bush administration pursued a controversial defense co-development program with Japan: a joint venture to design the new FSX fighter for Japan’s Self-Defense Forces. This is a two-part case. Part A of this case study examines the sharp debate between the Bush administration and Congress over the program, as well as the positions of major proponents and opponents of the deal. Part B investigates the rationale behind President Bush’s veto and illuminates some of the broader implications of the FSX debate for the making of U.S. foreign economic policy. This case may be used to promote discussion of the dynamics of bureaucratic politics and pluralist models of U.S. foreign policymaking, as well as the wider repercussions of economic dimensions of national security in the post-Cold War era.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603448,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/170_1.jpg?v=1437161801"},{"product_id":"settlement-for-cambodia-the-khmer-rouge-dilemma","title":"Case 183 - Settlement for Cambodia: the Khmer Rouge Dilemma","description":"\u003cp\u003eZasloff, Joseph J. and MacAlister Brown\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs this case study explains, the search for a comprehensive political settlement in Cambodia was complicated by the fact that it was simultaneously a national, regional, great power, and United Nations issue. The world tried a variety of diplomatic methods  during the 1980s to resolve the situation, ranging from a special U.N. conference in 1981 to informal contacts among the leading personalities, special meetings of the five permanent members of the Security Council, mediation by the U.N. secretary general, and formal negotiating conferences in Paris, Jakarta, and Tokyo. This study examines the process that would eventually lead to a Cambodian settlement, and encourages students to assess why compromise was so elusive and which actors were most responsible for the impasse.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603460,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/183_1.jpg?v=1437085945"},{"product_id":"the-northern-territories-controversy-a-four-decade-stalemate-between-japan-and-russia","title":"Case 194 - The Northern Territories Controversy: A Four-Decade Stalemate Between Japan and Russia","description":"\u003cp\u003ePitzl, Gerald R.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study explores the long-running dispute between Japan and Russia over ownership of the Northern Territories (as Japan calls them), a four-island complex north of Hokkaido in the Kuriles.  Attempts to develop strong economic ties between the two countries have been thwarted because of animosity stemming from this territorial dispute. This case covers conflict resolution, diplomatic history, political geography, and international law, and lends itself well to the inclusion of cooperative learning and role playing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603492,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/194_1.jpg?v=1437162194"},{"product_id":"on-the-brink-of-war-india-pakistan-and-the-1990-kashmir-crisis","title":"Case 233 - On the Brink of War: India, Pakistan, and the 1990 Kashmir Crisis","description":"\u003cp\u003ePavri, Tinaz\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFocusing on the Kashmir Crisis of 1990, this case study asks students to analyze why the crisis occurred and how it was peacefully resolved. Toward that end, participants will assess how key factors, such as the role of leaders, domestic politics, and the burden of history, fit within a general approach to analyzing conflict. Though the study places the dispute in the context of the larger, protracted conflict between India and Pakistan, it also encourages students to consider what resolution Kashmiris themselves sought.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case was written to enable students to move comfortably back and forth among the 1990 crisis, the larger issue of Kashmir itself, and the hostile relationship between India and Pakistan. By exploring why this crisis occurred and how it was resolved short of war, students will come to understand how key factors, such as the role of leaders, domestic politics, and the burden of history, fit within a general approach to analyzing conflict.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603532,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/233_1.jpg?v=1437162765"},{"product_id":"pharmaceuticals-patents-and-u-s-trade-policy","title":"Case 328 - Pharmaceuticals, Patents, and U.S. Trade Policy","description":"\u003cp\u003eMcDonald, Michael K.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eThis case study examines the role of intellectual property rights in U.S. trade policymaking by analyzing the Obama administration’s handling of the May 2009 report on Section 301 of the 1974 Trade Act, due to Congress just four months after President Barack Obama took office. The case examines the role of intellectual property rights in trade negotiations, the impact of the 2006 midterm elections on the trade process with respect to intellectual property, and the example of Thailand’s drug licensing program. It offers a concrete look at the politics of trade policymaking, the role of intellectual property rights and the “Access to Medicines” campaign on trade politics, and the negotiating process between the administration and Congress regarding trade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603556,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/328_new_cover.jpg?v=1524166128"},{"product_id":"the-sixteen-character-solution-negotiations-between-the-united-kingdom-and-the-peoples-republic-of-china-over-the-future-of-hong-kong-september-1982-september-1984","title":"Case 105 - The Sixteen-Character Solution: Negotiations between the United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China over the Future of Hong Kong, September 1982-September 1984","description":"\u003cp\u003eStaniland, Martin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eIn the summer of 1982, the British and Chinese governments undertook negotiations to determine the future of Hong Kong, the adjacent New Territories, and their six million inhabitants after the expiration of Britain’s lease on the New Territories in 1997. An agreement was initialed in September 1984 providing for the establishment of Hong Kong as a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China in 1997--guaranteeing substantial administrative and economic autonomy for the territory during the subsequent 50 years. This case study’s analysis of the two governments’ respective negotiating strategies throughout the two-year process should stimulate discussion of the distinctive problems faced in negotiating transfers of sovereignty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603584,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/105_1.jpg?v=1437077505"},{"product_id":"the-geneva-conference-of-1954-indochina","title":"Case 138 - The Geneva Conference of 1954: Indochina","description":"\u003cp\u003ePainter, David S. and Sally G. Irvine\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eThis two-part case study uses the Geneva Conference of 1954 on Indochina as a laboratory for studying the ability of great powers to use diplomacy to resolve regional disputes that have major international implications. It also provides material for examining the relationship between the goals and tactics of diplomacy. Part A gives the historical background, and describes the negotiations; it could be the basis of a classroom simulation. Part B analyzes the terms of the actual settlement. They can be used separately or together.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603592,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/138_1.jpg?v=1437070850"},{"product_id":"the-tamil-sinhalese-ethnic-conflict-in-sri-lanka-a-case-study-in-efforts-to-negotiate-a-settlement-1983-1988","title":"Case 151 - The Tamil-Sinhalese Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka: A Case Study in Efforts to Negotiate a Settlement, 1983-1988","description":"\u003cp\u003eSinger, Marshall R.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis three-part case study focuses on the internationalization of the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. What began as a national ethnic conflict between two groups that live on the island--the majority, predominantly Buddhist and Sinhalese, and the minority, predominantly Hindu Tamils--became international. Part A analyzes the background to the hostility and discusses each of the major actors in the dispute--including the foreign actors. Part B describes the efforts at conflict resolution that have taken place since 1983, leading to the Indo-Sri Lankan Accords of July 1987 and the introduction of Indian troops into the island. Part C analyzes how those accords were implemented between July 1987 and January 1988. This case can be used as a role-play scenario by assigning groups of students to play specific actors whose positions are laid out in the materials.  \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603600,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/151_1.jpg?v=1437161611"},{"product_id":"muted-differences-the-negotiations-to-normalize-u-s-chinese-relations","title":"Case 140 - Muted Differences: The Negotiations to Normalize U.S.-Chinese Relations","description":"\u003cp\u003eBernstein, Thomas P.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough Sino-American relations slowly warmed during the 1970s, the United States and the People’s Republic of China did not establish formal diplomatic relations until January 1, 1979. This case study explores the negotiations that led to that outcome and raises the following questions:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhat were the assumptions that American policymakers had about China’s actual and potential role in international politics? Why was there a sense of urgency to normalize relations?  Given China’s difficult situation vis-à-vis Vietnam and the Soviet Union, could the United States have gotten more for Taiwan from China in the negotiations leading up to the December 15, 1978, joint communiqué? Did the United States make unnecessary concessions to Beijing?\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603620,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/140_1.jpg?v=1437070873"},{"product_id":"the-fall-of-marcos-a-problem-in-u-s-foreign-policymaking","title":"Case 173 - The Fall of Marcos: A Problem in U.S. Foreign Policymaking","description":"\u003cp\u003eKline, William E.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn February 1986, President Ferdinand Marcos fell from power after 20 years as leader of the Philippines. Marcos’ success as a politician, his decline, and his eventual fall all took place within the context of the special relationship that had existed between the United States and the Philippines ever since 1898, when the Philippines became a U.S. colony. This case study uses that episode to examine the role of Congress, in shaping U.S. policy toward the country; the media, which provided extensive and influential coverage of the crisis; and intelligence within the U.S. policy process. It also analyzes ways for Washington to respond   effectively when the leader of a country with which we are allied becomes corrupt and loses popular support. This case study could usefully be paired with “A King's Exile: The Shah of Iran and Moral Considerations in U.S. Foreign Policy” (Case Study 261) and “The Fall of the Shah of Iran” (Case Study 120).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603628,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/173_1.jpg?v=1437161830"},{"product_id":"indias-nuclear-tests-the-consequences-for-international-security","title":"Case 266 - India's Nuclear Tests: The Consequences for International Security","description":"\u003cp\u003eMistry, Dinshaw\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eIn 1996, India rejected the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, arguing that the CTBT was not conceived as a measure towards universal nuclear disarmament. Two years later, it conducted its first nuclear tests, and shortly thereafter, Pakistan followed suit. Nuclear testing in South Asia had ominous implications for international security: it not only signaled the formal emergence of two new nuclear powers, but broke the global norm against proliferation and testing. This case study, created for the Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, asks several probing questions about the ramifications of these events: What effect did India’s rejection of the Nonproliferation Treaty and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, and its subsequent nuclear tests, have upon the cause of disarmament? Did New Delhi gain any national security benefits from its nuclear tests? Finally, what steps can the international community, and the nuclear states, in particular, take to advance nuclear disarmament?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603840,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/266_1.jpg?v=1437184515"},{"product_id":"two-foreign-policy-dilemmas-for-the-u-k-labour-government-the-sale-of-hawk-jets-to-indonesia-and-natos-intervention-in-kosovo","title":"Case 280 - Two Foreign Policy Dilemmas for the U.K. Labor Government: The Sale of Hawk Jets to Indonesia and NATO's Intervention in Kosovo","description":"\u003cp\u003eWheeler, Nicholas J. and Tim Dunne\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study, created for the Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, examines two foreign policy dilemmas Tony Blair faced during his first term as British prime minister. First, reneging on a contract to sell Hawk jets to Indonesia would jeopardize relations with the world’s fourth-most populous state, as well as causing it to lose export earnings--but honoring it would strengthen the Indonesian armed forces, widely condemned for gross human rights violations. Second, the decision to use force, alongside NATO allies, against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia raised the ultimate dilemma for those who seek to put human rights at the heart of foreign policy: Can force be pressed into service for good ends; and, if so, at what cost? Through exploration of these situations, the authors shed light on what, in their view, constitutes an “ethical” foreign policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603868,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/280_1.jpg?v=1437184886"},{"product_id":"taking-on-turkmenistan-needs-summary","title":"Case 324 - Taking on Turkmenistan","description":"\u003cp\u003eLove, Maryann Cusimano\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2003, Turkmenistan faced U.S. sanctions for failure to comply with two different U.S. laws:  the Jackson-Vanik Amendment of the Trade Act of 1974, for not allowing people to leave the country freely; and the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, for severe violations of religious freedom. The country had a long history of dictatorial rule, dating back to before Soviet rule, but conditions had worsened after an attempted attack against President Saparmurat Niyazov the Great the previous year. This case study asks participants to assess how the new U.S. ambassador to Turkmenistan handled these challenges when she arrived in Ashgabat to take up her duties. Many of the lessons students draw here could be applicable in other countries where American diplomats have limited leverage with which to persuade autocrats to promote democracy and good governance, and respect religious freedom and other basic human rights.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603880,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/324_new_cover.jpg?v=1542751237"},{"product_id":"the-vietnam-dilemma-needs-summary","title":"Case 325 - The Vietnam Dilemma","description":"\u003cp\u003eLove, Maryann Cusimano\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhen John V. Hanford III was sworn into office in May 2002 as the U.S. ambassador-at-large for religious freedom, he chose Vietnam as the country he would visit first in his new role. Although bilateral ties had rapidly warmed following the normalization of relations in 1995, Hanoi’s human rights record was so poor that many members of Congress wanted to designate Vietnam a “country of particular concern” under the terms of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. This case study asks participants to assess Ambassador Hanford’s strategy for deciding whether adding Vietnam to the CPC list would improve or exacerbate conditions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603900,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/325_1.jpg?v=1437186087"},{"product_id":"sia-japanese-electronics-giants-and-global-competition-in-semiconductors","title":"Case 216 - SIA, Japanese Electronics Giants, and Global Competition in Semiconductors","description":"\u003cp\u003eRyan, Michael P.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eThe semiconductor dispute was perhaps the most challenging aspect of the overall U.S.-Japan trade conflict during the 1980s because it was a harbinger of the trade disputes to come in the 1990s. The primary purpose of this case study is to make clear that the dispute was rooted in the vastly different industrial organizations and corporate strategies of the Japanese and American producers. The former were large, integrated electronics producers, while the latter included integrated electronics producers and many specialized, upstart chip makers. The case thus well illustrates the central differences between Japanese and U.S. political economy and their implications for international trade and competition. It could usefully be paired with “The U.S.-Japanese Semiconductor Problem” (Case Study 113).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206604012,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/216_1.jpg?v=1437162457"},{"product_id":"fairchild-and-fujitsu-confront-national-security","title":"Case 217 - Fairchild and Fujitsu Confront National Security","description":"\u003cp\u003eNavarro, Federico, Luis Ramirez, and Michael P. Ryan\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eAlthough inward foreign direct investment has generally been highly beneficial to the United States, strong concerns persist that foreign ownership of key U.S. manufacturing and technological capabilities inherently weakens U.S. national economic security or national defense. This case study explores the U.S. government’s response to the proposed 1986 acquisition of Fairchild Semiconductors, Inc., by Fujitsu, Ltd., and the national security concerns the deal triggered. It also examines the Toshiba milling machine sales to the Soviet Union, the Exon-Florio Amendment to the 1988 Trade Act, and foreign direct investment controls for national security reasons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206604032,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/217_1.jpg?v=1437162471"}],"url":"https:\/\/isd-georgetown-university.myshopify.com\/collections\/asia\/2000s+2010s+middle-east.oembed","provider":"Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University","version":"1.0","type":"link"}