{"title":"Case Studies for Students","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003eWelcome to the ISD Case Study Library. The library was established at Georgetown University's Institute for the Study of Diplomacy in 1985 as part of the Institute's mission to advance and expand the understanding and appreciation of the role of diplomacy in advancing national interests. The library offers scholars, instructors and students a link between the theories of international relations and political science and the practice and dynamics of diplomacy through issue-specific cases, many written by practitioners who lived the events they recount.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe ISD Case Studies Library is made possible in part by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem style=\"line-height: 1.4;\"\u003eThe statements made and views expressed in the case studies are solely the responsibility of the authors.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/casestudies.isd.georgetown.edu\/pages\/case-summaries\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Case Summaries\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Case Study Summaries\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"us-ec-negotiation-on-the-accession-of-spain-and-portugal","title":"Case 115 - U.S.-E.C. Trade Negotiations on the Accession of Spain and Portugal","description":"\u003cp\u003eBillings , Bradley B.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eThis case study covers a commercial dispute, nicknamed the Yuppie Trade War, that arose when Spain and Portugal joined the European Community in January 1986. Students can use this case to develop their knowledge and understanding of international trade law, the economics of integration, game theory as applied to trade disputes, and trade negotiations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1204223400,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_115_new_-_2.jpg?v=1540825598"},{"product_id":"nato-alliance-negotiations-over-the-soviet-pipeline-sanctions","title":"Case 143 - NATO Alliance Negotiations over the Soviet Pipeline Sanctions","description":"\u003cp\u003eCrawford, Beverly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study examines the economic and commercial background and interallied procedures for dealing with exports to the Soviet Union. It explores the problems of negotiation among the allies and, in particular, the possibilities for negotiation when serious differences of philosophy and economic interest exist. This case can be used to examine the relationship between negotiation and the exercise of power between states and   the problems created by issues that are essentially technical or speculative in nature.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602716,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/143_1.jpg?v=1437070909"},{"product_id":"algerian-gas-negotiations","title":"Case 106 - The Algerian Gas Negotiations","description":"\u003cp\u003eZartman, I. William and Antonella Bassani\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1980s, Algeria undertook wide-ranging negotiations in an attempt to impose demands for a higher price base for its natural gas. Though competing Western European contracts looked commercially less attractive than contracts Algiers had already negotiated with the Soviet Union, Belgium, France, Italy, and Spain were all willing, for political reasons, to pay a higher price. U.S. purchasers refused to pay this political price premium, however. This case study’s analysis of this contract process offers insights into the relative bargaining power of the exporters of natural gas, and how this bargaining power depends on shifting economic conditions in the natural gas market. It also describes the tactics that a single-party demander can use against an array of opponents.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602720,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/106_1.jpg?v=1437078551"},{"product_id":"u-s-negotiation-of-voluntary-restraint-agreement-in-steel-1984-domestic-sources-of-international-economic-diplomacy","title":"Case 107 - U.S. Negotiation of Voluntary Restraint Agreement in Steel, 1984: Domestic Sources of International Economic Diplomacy","description":"\u003cp\u003eWalters, Robert S.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the efforts of U.S. trade officials and representatives of the steel industry to deal with foreign steel imports into the United States. It illustrates the complexity of devising and adjusting negotiating positions in the face of competing domestic interests and conflicting international obligations, and analyzes international trade negotiation as a two-level game.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602724,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/107_1.jpg?v=1437069671"},{"product_id":"an-irresistible-force-meets-an-immovable-object-the-united-states-at-unctad-i","title":"Case 108 - An Irresistible Force Meets an Immovable Object: The United States at UNCTAD I","description":"\u003cp\u003eLancaster, Carol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe purpose of the first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was to discuss trade problems relevant to the economic development of less-developed countries. It was a diplomatic defeat and embarrassment for the United States. What happened and why? This case study introduces students to the phenomenon of multilateral negotiations, and is useful in exploring tactics available to large groups of poor, less powerful states for use in pressuring a large, powerful country. It is intended for courses in development, globalization, foreign policy decision-making, and international negotiations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602732,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/108_1.jpg?v=1437069681"},{"product_id":"zanalug-a-simulation-exercise","title":"Case 102 - Zanalug: A Simulation Exercise","description":"\u003cp\u003ePangalis, Celia Seggel and Ali Khalif Galaydh\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study is a simulation exercise based on a composite of several real African disputes. This simulation is designed to take place over a three-day period, thereby allowing sufficient time for debriefing and process analysis. This case is important because it illustrates intra- and international negotiations (both bilateral and multilateral); demonstrates the dynamics of small-state, large-state negotiations; and focuses on multilateral negotiations in the institutionalized forum of the United Nations Security Council.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602736,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/102_1.jpg?v=1437069592"},{"product_id":"intragovernmental-negotiation-soviet-somali-relations-and-the-ogaden-war-1978-79","title":"Case 109 - Intragovernmental Negotiation: Soviet-Somali Relations and the 1978-1979 Ogaden War","description":"\u003cp\u003eGalaydh, Ali Khalif\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoviet-Somali relations flourished during the early 1970s, but by 1977 they were strained by domestic and external factors.  The 1978-1979 Ogaden War brought the situation to a head. This case study should be analyzed in one-day discussion groups as an informal simulation in which each group represents an interagency task force instructed to choose the best option available to the Somali government. It offers the perspective of a small, developing country immersed in a deep-seated conflict with regional and international implications.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602740,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/109_1.jpg?v=1437069691"},{"product_id":"the-reagan-administration-the-auto-producers-and-the-1981-agreement-with-japan","title":"Case 144 - The Reagan Administration, the Auto Producers, and the 1981 Agreement with Japan","description":"\u003cp\u003eReich, Simon\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe 1981 Voluntary Export Restraint Agreement on the Japanese automobile industry placed a ceiling on the number of autos it exported to the United States. This case study shows how even the largest countries in the international economy must negotiate while constrained by domestic and systemic pressures. It also demonstrates the pedagogical value of having an independent way of deciding what constitutes a negotiated settlement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602748,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/144_1.jpg?v=1437070921"},{"product_id":"opec-and-the-world-oil-market-the-march-1983-london-agreement","title":"Case 160 - OPEC and the World Oil Market: The March 1983 London Agreement","description":"\u003cp\u003eKohl, Wilfred L. and Carol W. Rendall\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the early 1980s, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries was beginning to lose control of oil prices. In February 1983 Norway and the British National Oil Corporation announced oil price reductions, which Nigeria said it would match. After 12 days of negotiations in London, OPEC made a historic decision to lower, for the first time, the price of its benchmark light crude from $34 to $29 per barrel. This two-part case study explores coalition behavior and decision-making, showing how the cartel functioned in the oil market of the 1980s under the pressures of declining oil demand and market share.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602752,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/160_1.jpg?v=1437152024"},{"product_id":"the-suez-crisis-1956","title":"Case 145 - The Suez Crisis, 1956","description":"\u003cp\u003eFry, Michael G.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eEgyptian President Gamal Abd al-Nasser precipitated an international crisis when, on July 26, 1956, he announced his decision to nationalize the Suez Canal. However, through the implementation of a cease-fire by Israel, Britain, and France, the crisis ended on November 7 of that year. This case study is well-suited for courses on bargaining and negotiating theory, or any class that explores the historical approach to the study of international relations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602756,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/145_1.jpg?v=1437151974"},{"product_id":"mediation-under-crisis-management-conditions-the-u-n-secretary-general-and-the-falkland-malvinas-islands-crisis-april-1-june-14-1982","title":"Case 110 - Mediation Under Crisis Management Conditions: The U.N. Secretary General and the Falkland\/Malvinas Islands Crisis, April 1-June 14, 1982","description":"\u003cp\u003eNielsson, Gunnar P.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis multi-part case study focuses on the United Nations Secretary General’s good offices during the Falkland\/Malvinas Islands crisis of 1982. It analyzes the complex conditions under which the U.N. operates as an instrument of conflict management. Designed to involve the students in making decisions about whether and when to engage in a mediation mission, the study is useful as a supplement to materials on the United Nations. It could also be used with the Model United Nations project.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602760,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/110_1.jpg?v=1437078581"},{"product_id":"brazilian-informatics-and-the-united-states-defending-infant-industry-versus-opening-foreign-markets","title":"Case 166 - Brazilian Informatics and the United States: Defending Infant Industry Versus Opening Foreign Markets","description":"\u003cp\u003eOdell, John and Anne Dibble\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 1985 President Ronald Reagan ordered an investigation of Brazil’s program to promote a national computer industry, on the grounds that it could restrict some United States companies’ exports and investments. Reagan effectively threatened to retaliate against Brazil’s trade unless it made significant concessions on this issue. This two-part case study is useful in courses on negotiation, international political economy, international business, economic development, and international trade.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602764,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/166_1.jpg?v=1437161765"},{"product_id":"korean-joggers","title":"Case 111 - Korean Joggers","description":"\u003cp\u003eOdell, John and David Lang\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn April 1977 the United States asked South Korea and Taiwan to restrain their export of shoes to the U.S. market. This was the first time the United States used the formal Orderly Marketing Agreement to restrict the import of goods, other than textiles, from developing countries. This case study demonstrates how weak states can successfully negotiate with strong ones through the effective use of various tactics and bargaining strategies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602772,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/111_1.jpg?v=1437069718"},{"product_id":"negotiating-a-minerals-regime-for-antarctica-1981-88","title":"Case 146 - Negotiating a Minerals Regime for Antarctica, 1981-1988","description":"\u003cp\u003eWestermeyer, William E. and Christopher C. Joyner\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines negotiations for devising a regime to determine a policy of mineral exploitation among a large group of countries active in Antarctica, examining the relationship of cause and effect in multilateral negotiations. It allows students to make judgments about the process and progress of such negotiations, and to compare and contrast issue-oriented information within a context of diverse national perspectives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602780,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/146_1.jpg?v=1437070947"},{"product_id":"the-canada-united-states-free-trade-agreement-and-the-cultural-industries","title":"Case 112 - The Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement and the Cultural Industries","description":"\u003cp\u003eFox, Annette Baker\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe idea of a Canadian-American free trade area suggests the economic efficiency of a North American market, untrammeled by obstacles from various political jurisdictions. But Canadians have never been willing to allow free trade to cover film, the performing arts, publishing (books and magazines, in particular), and radio or television, seeking to maintain complete control over these industries. This case study explores how this issue played out in the negotiation of the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement, ratified in 1988.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602784,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/112_1.jpg?v=1437069730"},{"product_id":"the-u-s-japanese-semiconductor-problem","title":"Case 113 - The U.S.-Japanese Semiconductor Problem","description":"\u003cp\u003eO'Shea, Timothy J. C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn July 30, 1986, trade representatives from the United States and Japan signed an agreement intended to resolve a long-running dispute over trade in semiconductors. The U.S.-Japanese Semiconductor Agreement was the fruit of more than a year of complex negotiations aimed at ending a conflict that had started with competition in international markets. This case study describes the negotiations that led to the agreement and its effect on the overall bilateral   relationship. It can be usefully paired with “SIA, Japanese Electronics Giants, and Global Competition in Semiconductors” (Case Study 216).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602788,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/ic113_cover.jpg?v=1532527159"},{"product_id":"launching-the-uruguay-round-clayton-yeutter-and-the-two-track-decision","title":"Case 114 - Launching the Uruguay Round: Clayton Yeutter and the Two-Track Decision","description":"\u003cp\u003eKennedy, David M. [case] and Frederick W. May [teaching notes]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 1986, U.S. Trade Representative Clayton Yeutter headed for the resort town of Punta del Este, Uruguay, determined to put the issue of liberalizing international trade in services on the agenda of the upcoming round of trade negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Yeutter had already rejected a compromise proposal to hold negotiations on services in some other, non-GATT forum, so he faced a difficult choice:  break his word and accept the proposal, thereby alienating his allies, or reject the proposal and alienate his influential opponents. This case study is intended to support discussion of the formation of coalitions, the utility of bluff and brinkmanship, and the nature of compromise in multilateral negotiations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602792,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/114_1.jpg?v=1437070500"},{"product_id":"american-diplomatic-response-to-the-1973-74-energy-crisis","title":"Case 116 - American Diplomatic Response to the 1973-1974 Energy Crisis","description":"\u003cp\u003eLieber, Robert J.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study focuses on the energy crisis that erupted in the wake of the October 1973 war Egypt and Syria launched against Israel, and the Arab oil-producing countries' subsequent oil embargo against the United States. It pays particular attention to the resulting tensions between the United States and the European members of NATO that followed. It also assesses the principal events and players, and considers how diplomatic maneuvering achieved its desired objectives despite the unpromising context in which the effort took place.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602800,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/116_1.jpg?v=1437070556"},{"product_id":"restraining-trade-to-invoke-investment-miti-and-the-japanese-auto-producers","title":"Case 167 - Restraining Trade to Invoke Investment: MITI and the Japanese Auto Producers","description":"\u003cp\u003eReich, Simon\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the evolution of Japanese business-government relations over a five-decade period, centered on the dynamic interaction between the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japanese auto producers, and the U.S. government. The study describes the Japanese dilemma in adopting the 1981 Voluntary Export Restraint Agreement, which was the product of consultation, if not formal negotiation, between Washington and Tokyo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602808,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/167_1.jpg?v=1437161777"},{"product_id":"competition-among-japan-the-united-states-and-europe-over-high-definition-television","title":"Case 168 - Competition among Japan, the United States, and Europe over High-Definition Television","description":"\u003cp\u003eKrauss, Ellis S.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe first part of this case study describes the development of high-definition television by Japan’s public broadcaster, NHK, and the efforts to gain acceptance for its technology as the international standard. The second part describes how European resistance to this standard led to the collapse of U.S. support for Japanese technology and the probable development of three separate systems of HDTV in the world. This case study reveals the complicated patterns of competition and cooperation resulting from national interest in contemporary international economic relations, and explores how the introduction, development, and applications of a new technology are all influenced by national and international politics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602816,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/168_1.jpg?v=1437161788"},{"product_id":"shifting-winds-and-strong-currents-george-bush-charts-a-trade-policy-approach-to-japan","title":"Case 180 - Shifting Winds and Strong Currents: George Bush Charts a Trade-Policy Approach to Japan","description":"\u003cp\u003eFratantuono, Michael J.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis two-part case study explores the George H.W. Bush administration’s formulation of trade policy objectives in light of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, through which Congress hoped to take a more interventionist role in U.S. trade policy toward Japan. It illustrates the complex relationship between the legislative and executive branches of government on trade issues; the link between aggressive unilateralism and multilateralism in formulating trade policy; the distinction between micro- and macroeconomic causes of the trade imbalance between the U.S. and Japan; and the manner in which the Bush administration attempted to assuage the competing concerns of various stakeholders. It is useful for both undergraduate and graduate courses in international economics, trade theory, and political economy.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602820,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/case_180_new_cover.jpg?v=1532528341"},{"product_id":"the-ivory-trade","title":"Case 181 - The Ivory Trade","description":"\u003cp\u003eMingst, Karen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis two-part case study examines the conflicting interests of states and nongovernmental organizations in regulating the international trade in ivory. At stake in the negotiations are long-held cultural traditions and economic trade-offs. The question of whether elephants should be accorded level-one protection--banning the international trade of ivory--is the crux of Part A. Part B focuses on the problems of implementing the ban on trade of ivory, and asks, students  to write  a strategy paper for implementing the ban in a specific country.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602824,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_181_new.jpg?v=1532528846"},{"product_id":"thinking-locally-acting-globally-congressman-jim-walsh-and-the-nafta-vote","title":"Case 190 - Thinking Locally, Acting Globally: Congressman Jim Walsh and the NAFTA Vote","description":"\u003cp\u003eLovely, Mary E.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the international, national, and local implications of the North American Free Trade Agreement. It outlines the key provisions of NAFTA and describes the public’s concerns about the agreement’s effects on U.S. employment and wages. Focusing on New York State Representative Jim Walsh, the study illustrates how local politics and local concerns influenced the national vote. It can be used to generate discussion of dislocations from, and adjustments to, trade liberalization, and how those considerations affect legislators’ positions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602828,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/190_1.jpg?v=1437152093"},{"product_id":"hazardous-waste-trade-north-and-south-the-case-of-italy-and-koko-nigeria","title":"Case 191 - Hazardous Waste Trade, North and South: The Case of Italy and Koko, Nigeria","description":"\u003cp\u003eOlsen, Jennifer and Thomas Princen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eDuring the 1980s, Africans became increasingly aware of the dumping of hazardous waste on their continent. Just as many African countries began calling for a ban on such trade, an illegal toxic dump was discovered in the small port town of Koko, Nigeria, in 1988. This case study describes the diplomatic pressure put on Italy, the main source of the waste, by Nigeria and international environmental groups. It also describes how the Koko incident became a catalyst for the negotiations leading to the Basel Convention, an international treaty governing the transboundary movement of hazardous waste.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602832,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/191_new_cover.jpg?v=1540837510"},{"product_id":"president-obama-and-the-torture-memos","title":"Case 323 - President Obama and the \"Torture Memos\"","description":"\u003cp\u003eMartin, Curtis H.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis two-part case study presents the student with one of President Barack Obama’s early, controversial decisions. His April 2009 decision to release four George W. Bush-era Justice Department memoranda approving the use of enhanced interrogation on terrorism suspects offers a window into many larger issues confronting his new administration. At its heart, the decision poses a classic values conflict in a democracy: the necessity of maintaining secrecy in order to protect national security vs. the requirements for transparency and the rule of law. An examination of Obama’s rationale for his decision can be used to provide insight into his decision-making style. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602836,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_323_new_36a976b6-9bce-4d86-a5f4-4486f0b220b7.jpg?v=1524246596"},{"product_id":"a-vision-for-lake-superior","title":"Case 199 - A Vision for Lake Superior","description":"\u003cp\u003eDurfee, Mary\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study examines nongovernmental leadership (citizen involvement), in transnational environmental problem management through the Binational Forum formed to advance joint U.S.-Canadian efforts to clean up Lake Superior. This group played an integral part in the creation of a vision statement for the lake, but the analysis is mainly concerned with how it operated. The study offers students an opportunity to discuss the problems of citizen participation across national borders and think through how to work effectively with citizen advisory groups.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602840,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/199_1.jpg?v=1437162255"},{"product_id":"from-blair-house-to-the-farm-house-negotiating-agriculture-in-the-european-union-in-the-european-union","title":"Case 200 - From Blair House to the Farm House: Negotiating Agriculture in the European Union","description":"\u003cp\u003eGrand, Richard\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter several years of stalemate, the Uruguay Round of the multilateral talks involving the parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade were sidelined, and talks became bilaterally focused between the United States and the European Union. This case study uses the interim bilateral agreement that became known as the Blair House Accord to illustrate the complexities of negotiating farm trade within the E.U. Negotiators, in resolving agricultural trade disputes, had to find compromises to satisfy various constituencies, mediate the different scales in the global economy, and form alliances within states and across the European Community.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602848,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/200_1.jpg?v=1437162268"},{"product_id":"human-rights-and-trade-the-clinton-administration-and-china","title":"Case 201 - Human Rights and Trade: The Clinton Administration and China","description":"\u003cp\u003eAuger, Vincent A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis three-part case study examines the Clinton administration’s efforts to balance important competing interests in its policy toward China: trade and human rights. Specifically, the administration had to decide whether to link renewal of China’s most-favored-nation trading status to a demonstrable improvement in Beijing’s human rights practices. Part A examines the development of policy from January to May 1993, when the administration was legally bound to make its first decision regarding MFN linkage. Part B describes the policy adopted by Clinton in May 1993, which conditioned future MFN renewal on China’s human rights record and the administration’s attempt to implement that policy over the next 12 months. It ends with the second decision point in May 1994, when the president had to decide whether to penalize China for inadequate progress on human rights by revoking or limiting its MFN status. Part C describes Clinton’s May 1994 decision on MFN and the immediate aftermath.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602852,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/201_new_cover.jpg?v=1532631201"},{"product_id":"nations-a-simulation-game-in-international-politics","title":"Case 202 - Nations: A Simulation Game in International Politics","description":"\u003cp\u003eHerzig, Michael and David Skidmore\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\"\u003eThis simulation is designed to help students understand the dynamics of international politics. Students participate in the foreign policy decision-making process of a fictitious country on an imaginary continent. The game familiarizes students with a variety of phenomena that are important in the real world of international politics: interstate bargaining, group decision-making, resource conflicts, military rivalry and the threat of war, ecological issues, territorial conflicts, propaganda, and the effect of ideological and cultural differences. Designed for introductory courses in international relations or world politics, the game may also be appropriate for courses dealing with comparative foreign policy, conflict resolution, or international security. It is suitable for class sizes ranging from 20 to 50 students, and is best played across four 50-minute class sessions or three 75-minute sessions.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602856,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_202_new.jpg?v=1524246906"},{"product_id":"values-versus-interests-the-u-s-response-to-the-tiananmen-square-massacre","title":"Case 224 - Values Versus Interests: The U.S. Response to the Tiananmen Square Massacre","description":"\u003cp\u003eHyer, Eric A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis two-part case study describes the conflict between. Congress and President George H.W.  Bush over U.S. policy toward China following the Tiananmen Square Massacre of June 4, 1989. It juxtaposes the Bush administration’s emphasis on securing U.S. interests and maintaining a policy of engagement toward China with Congress’s concern for upholding human rights and democratic values by punishing Beijing.  The study traces the debate and legislative effort s during the rest of 1989, concluding with President Bush’s January 1990 decision to veto sanctions and Congress’s unsuccessful attempt to override that veto.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602860,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_224_new.jpg?v=1532980178"},{"product_id":"gazproms-grab-for-sakhalin-ii","title":"Case 321 - Gazprom's Grab for Sakhalin-II","description":"\u003cp\u003eRotnem, Thomas E.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1994 the Russian Federation signed a production sharing agreement with a consortium of Dutch, Japanese, and American corporations to develop major oil and gas reserves on Sakhalin Island. This case study examines Moscow’s 2006 expropriation of Sakhalin-II, as the project is known, by Gazprom, a state-owned company. (A sister project, known as Sakhalin-I, has not encountered such difficulties.) After detailing the crisis that pitted the Russian government against the Royal Dutch Shell-directed energy consortium, the study puts forth several competing theories to explain Moscow’s motives. It is designed to engage students in an analysis and discussion of what this case portends for the future of Russian economic and political reform, as well as Moscow’s role in world affairs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602864,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_321_new.jpg?v=1524245941"},{"product_id":"the-1982-mexican-debt-negotiations","title":"Case 104 - The 1982 Mexican Debt Negotiations","description":"\u003cp\u003eLeeds, Roger S. and Gale Thompson\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn 1982 Mexico was on the brink of bankruptcy, an event that threatened the entire international financial system. Mexico needed U.S. financial assistance to avoid defaulting on its $80 billion external debt. This case study traces the origins of the crisis from both countries’ perspectives. It also presents the solution, which unfolded through inter- and intragovernmental negotiations over a 48-hour period, and explains how a large number of institutional actors can respond to unexpected international financial crises.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602868,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/104_1.jpg?v=1437151881"},{"product_id":"negotiating-development-assistance-usaid-and-the-choice-between-public-and-private-implementation-in-haiti","title":"Case 117 - Negotiating Development Assistance: USAID and the Choice between Public and Private Implementation in Haiti","description":"\u003cp\u003eDowns, Charles\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the policies of the U.S. Agency for International Development’s Haiti mission toward the public- and private-sector agencies operating within that country in 1988. By analyzing the negotiations USAID conducted to turn broad U.S. foreign assistance policy decisions into identifiable programs on the ground, the study encourages students to reflect the politics and practice of international development assistance programs, and consider how such agreements can best be negotiated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602876,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/ic117_new_cover_40342466-d6cf-425b-8389-dd5e1c189862.jpg?v=1540821659"},{"product_id":"renegotiating-international-debt-the-young-plan-conference-of-1929","title":"Case 118 - Renegotiating International Debt: The Young Plan Conference of 1929","description":"\u003cp\u003eMcNeil, William C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eBecause of the growth of their international debt since the end of World War I, the European states suffered recurrent balance-of-payment problems combined with intense pressures on fiscal policy. In the spring of 1929 a conference of experts met to find a way to head off this impending international monetary crisis. The conference produced the Young Plan, named for the chief American participant, Owen Young. This case study is structured around the information available to the actors at the time. It shows how the United States had to decide how active it would be in establishing the new international economic order, and determining what role private bankers would play in the formation of American foreign monetary policy. It also gives students an opportunity to see how limits on information influence the determination of policy options.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602880,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/118_1.jpg?v=1437070586"},{"product_id":"money-and-politics-the-iranian-asset-freeze","title":"Case 203 - Money and Politics: The Iranian Asset Freeze","description":"\u003cp\u003eLissakers, Karin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study deals with the use of financial embargoes as a foreign policy tool. Focusing on the 1979-1981 Iranian hostage crisis that led to the U.S. government’s freezing of Iranian deposits in foreign banks, the case illustrates the tight link between global finance and government policy, and explores the intricate legal, regulatory, and political parameters within which international commercial banks operate. This case study is primarily designed for use in classes on international banking, financial policies, or political economy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602888,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/203_1.jpg?v=1437162309"},{"product_id":"north-american-economic-integration-monetary-and-exchange-rate-aspects","title":"Case 204 - North American Economic Integration: Monetary and Exchange Rate Aspects","description":"\u003cp\u003eMaxfield, Sylvia\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eWhile the trinational negotiations on the North American Free Trade Agreement proceeded in earnest during the early 1990s, Mexico and the United States conducted a related set of discussions on the prospect of exchange rate coordination behind the scenes. Part A of this case study discusses the U.S. and Mexican positions on exchange rate coordination, while Part B describes the peso’s devaluation after NAFTA’s launch in 1994.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602896,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/204_1.jpg?v=1437162321"},{"product_id":"the-imf-structural-adjustment-program-for-zambias-agricultural-sector","title":"Case 205 - The IMF Structural Adjustment Program for Zambia's Agricultural Sector","description":"\u003cp\u003eSandberg, Eve N.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study describes the intended and unintended consequences of an International Monetary Fund structural adjustment program for the agricultural sector of and the United Republic of Zambia. On October 5, 1985, Zambian policymakers began implementing a high-conditionality IMF SAP. When this program did not provide the expected benefits, the resulting public outcry forced Zambian policymakers to alter the implementation policies in April 1986. Finally, after food riots and demonstrations throughout the country, Zambian officials canceled the IMF program in May 1987. Students will gain a better understanding of the economic, political, ethnic, and gender dilemmas which formed the basis of domestic opposition to the IMF’s program in Zambia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602900,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/205_1.jpg?v=1437162335"},{"product_id":"sustainable-development-or-environmental-imperialism-guinea-bissau-and-the-hazardous-waste-trade","title":"Case 225 - Sustainable Development or Environmental Imperialism? Guinea-Bissau and the Hazardous Waste Trade","description":"\u003cp\u003eMontgomery, Mark A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis two-part case study describes the situation in 1988, when the government of Guinea-Bissau was offered, but declined, the opportunity to enhance its national income and alleviate its debt burden by importing millions of tons of toxic waste from Europe, North America, and Australia. What scuttled the plan, however, was not a determination that the environmental risks outweighed the economic benefits. Rather, political pressure, especially from overseas, derailed the government’s efforts to strike a balance between economic and environmental goals. This case study illustrates the political dimension of sustainable development and should stimulate discussion about the degree to which developing countries can, or should, determine their own economic and environmental priorities.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602908,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/225_1.jpg?v=1437162681"},{"product_id":"bailing-out-usair-balancing-domestic-and-foreign-economic-interests","title":"Case 227 - Bailing Out USAir: Balancing Domestic and Foreign Economic Interests","description":"\u003cp\u003eTarry, Scott\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn 1992, during the heat of the U.S. presidential campaign, a British Airways proposal to buy a portion of USAir, America’s sixth-largest airline, became the focal point in an intense debate about trade, American jobs, and a foreign firm’s attempt to buy a controlling interest in an American carrier. While U.S. Department of Transportation rules prohibited the British offer because it exceeded limits on investment in U.S. airlines, USAir and its suitor sought an exemption from the restrictions. President-elect Bill Clinton faced the difficult task of balancing domestic economic interests against broader foreign policy interests and relations with the British. The case study offers an interesting perspective on the process by which groups attempt to influence national decision-makers, and how those leaders attempt to choose the path that best serves both their own political goals and the national interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602944,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/227_1.jpg?v=1437152203"},{"product_id":"the-cristobal-colon-project-a-transnational-negotiation-simulationnegotiation-simulation","title":"Case 228 - The Cristóbal Colón Project: A Transnational Negotiation Simulation","description":"\u003cp\u003eMendez, Miguel\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Cristóbal Colón Project is a simulation exercise based on a real natural gas project on the Praia Peninsula of Venezuela. This simulation can aid students in understanding  the impact of economic reforms, government decentralization, free trade and economic integration, increased foreign investment, and capital flows—all changes many countries all over the world, but particularly those in Latin America, are now facing. It also highlights the rise of a new breed of international actors: nongovernmental organizations, regional development agencies, and local authorities. Although this simulation touches on all of these aspects, it mainly focuses on the joint venture and places foreign direct investment within a multicultural context. The simulation also gives students the opportunity to learn firsthand the techniques of negotiation preparation, team-building, and bilateral and multilateral negotiations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602948,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/228_1.jpg?v=1437162710"},{"product_id":"protecting-endangered-species-u-s-trade-policy-and-the-cases-of-china-and-taiwan","title":"Case 240 - Protecting Endangered Species: U.S. Trade Policy and the Cases of China and Taiwan","description":"\u003cp\u003eLetovsky, Rovert and Brian Dwyer\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis two-part case study analyzes President Bill Clinton’s April 1994 decision to impose limited trade sanctions on Taiwan because of Taipei’s tolerance of trade in endangered species’ parts and products. Clinton’s action marked the first time the United States had used trade sanctions to advance environmental goals. This case could be used in courses on world politics or international law to illustrate how a powerful country can unilaterally alter its relations with others, or loosen the linkages between international legal obligations and domestic law.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602952,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_240_new.jpg?v=1540841561"},{"product_id":"to-trade-or-not-to-trade-the-basel-convention-and-the-transboundary-movement-and-disposal-of-hazardous-wastes","title":"Case 241 - To Trade or Not to Trade? The Basel Convention and the Transboundary Movement and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes","description":"\u003cp\u003eBunn, Julia A. and David Blaney\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn March 22, 1989, 105 states and the European Community (E.C.) signed the Basel Convention, which regulates the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes; the agreement entered into force three years later, and was strengthened in 1994 and 1997. While developing nations pushed for a total ban on such exports, most developed nations advocated a more incremental approach to the problem. This case study can be used to examine how, on a global scale, the free flow of wastes in response to economic incentives can lead to a disproportionate amount of waste being situated near poorer populations, particularly people of color; and the role of government regulations in shaping those incentives. It is well-suited for courses in international trade, environmental economics and environmental studies, or classes dealing with international organizations and global political economy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case is sufficiently rich in material that it can be used in a number of teaching contexts. Midway through a course in international trade, it could be used to help students apply their knowledge of neoclassical trade theory to hazardous waste--an unusual tradable good.  In an environmental economics or environmental studies course, the case discussion can constitute part of a unit on \"environmental racism.\" And in an international organizations or global political economy course, the study can be used to highlight several important issues about international regimes: their character and evolution, the role of interests and knowledge in shaping their development, the importance and limits of major powers in dictating the goals and rules they embody, the fragility of compliance, and the kind of evasive tactics employed once they are in place.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602956,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/241_new_cover.jpg?v=1561389953"},{"product_id":"at-the-heart-but-not-part-europe-switzerland-and-its-1992-referendum-on-the-european-economic-area","title":"Case 242 - At the Heart—But Not Part—Europe? Switzerland and Its 1992 Referendum on the European Economic Area","description":"\u003cp\u003eTanner, Rolf\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn 1992 Switzerland held a national referendum on joining the newly formed European Economic Area (EEA)—the antechamber to full European Community (E.C.) membership. This case study describes how, against the backdrop of accelerating European integration and the sudden end of the Cold War, Switzerland’s efforts to restructure its relationship with the E.C. turned into an open-ended, broad debate on the future and identity of this prosperous, self-contained nation. The case is relevant to any course that deals with the problems of modern democracy, globalization, regional integration and free trade areas, nationalism and identity, the relationship between domestic and foreign policy, or the strategies of small nations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602960,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/242_1.jpg?v=1437162892"},{"product_id":"trading-away-security-the-clinton-administrations-1994-decision-on-satellite-imaging-exports","title":"Case 243 - Trading Away Security? The Clinton Administration's 1994 Decision on Satellite Imaging Exports","description":"\u003cp\u003eBaker, John C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn 1994 President Bill Clinton administration made an important decision on whether American firms should be permitted to sell satellite imagery products, services, and technologies to foreign customers. This issue required U.S. policymakers to weigh complex trade-offs between safeguarding American security and allowing the domestic satellite industry to take advantage of international trade opportunities in the growing market for high-resolution civilian imagery. This case study highlights the conflicting policy priorities that the Clinton administration confronted in adapting U.S. export control policy to the evolving post-Cold War era. It also describes how the restricted nature of the policymaking process initially limited the debate over this important issue to a relatively narrow set of participants who had the most direct interests in the outcome of the administration's decision. This case is relevant to courses on U.S. foreign policy, defense policy, and intelligence policy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602964,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_243_copy.jpg?v=1551901198"},{"product_id":"negotiating-neutrality-austria-and-the-european-union","title":"Case 278 - The Race to Produce the World's Cleanest Car: Public Policy Issues","description":"\u003cp\u003eLetovsky, Robert\u003c\/p\u003e\nThis case study examines the U.S. government’s Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, an initiative aimed at bringing American automakers together to produce a high-efficiency vehicle by 2004. The case presents various models of industrial policy, then describes the technological, economic, and legislative issues facing both policymakers and the auto firms as they addressed the issue of how to close the gap with Japanese firms. Issues such as who should be the beneficiaries of public policy efforts, and how far policy should go in leading a market, are raised in the case.\u003cbr class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602968,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/278_1.jpg?v=1437184801"},{"product_id":"environmental-protection-or-economic-development-the-case-of-the-huai-river-basin-clean-up-plan","title":"Case 252 - Environmental Protection or Economic Development? The Case of the Huai River Basin Clean-Up Plan","description":"\u003cp\u003eLetovsky, Rovert, Reza Rmazani, and Debra Murphy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the Chinese government’s plan to clean up the Huai River and its surrounding basin, against a backdrop of rapid economic growth, accompanied by large-scale environmental degradation. The Huai River Basin clean-up plan is a microcosm of a broader question: Will China, with its massive environmental problems, be able to avoid a large-scale crisis? Because the plan’s implementation is predicated on a significant level of foreign investment, this study is particularly useful for students of international political economy, environmental and international economics, and economic development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602972,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_252_copy.jpg?v=1551904568"},{"product_id":"a-notable-success-or-too-many-loopholes-japan-and-the-1997-kyoto-protocol-on-climate-change","title":"Case 253 - A Notable Success or Too Many Loopholes? Japan and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change","description":"\u003cp\u003eMori, Katsuhiko\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis two-part case study explores the possibilities and limits of Japan’s leadership role in the global political economy. As the host of the Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Tokyo was tasked with reconciling differences, at home and abroad, over the key issues for the Kyoto Protocol to be adopted in December 1997. This task is viewed through the perspective of Shohei Yonemoto, a member of the Committee on the Global Environment of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry’s Industrial Structure Council. His dilemma: As a leading member of an environmental nongovernmental organization, he favors a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Yet as an employee of Mitsubishi, he has to take into account the concerns of company executives with regard to economic competitiveness. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis study is suitable for courses in international political economy, foreign policy analysis, or Japan studies. It could also be used for professional training in government agencies and companies involved with global environmental issues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602976,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_253_copy.jpg?v=1551900920"},{"product_id":"turbot-war-canada-spain-and-conflict-over-the-north-atlantic-fishery","title":"Case 254 - The Turbot War: Canada, Spain and Conflict Over the North Atlantic Fishery","description":"\u003cp\u003eDeSombre, Elizabeth R. and J. Samuel Barkin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe 1995 dispute between Spain and Canada over Northwest Atlantic fisheries conservation, popularly dubbed ‘The Turbot War,’ brought the first military confrontation of any kind between Canada and Spain. This dispute is striking in that it involves the use of force over the issue of environmental management, generally thought to be an issue with a high degree of international cooperation. This case study explores several facets of environmental management, international law, and the relationship between domestic and international politics. It challenges the conventional wisdom that environmental management issues are win-win situations that simply involve coordination to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes, or the assumption that actors have common interests when facing environmental destruction. As such, the study can serve as an example of conflict over environmental resources, of the process of negotiations and renegotiation of international agreements, and the role of unilateral action in international politics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602980,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/254_new_cover.jpg?v=1551901531"},{"product_id":"who-is-at-the-helm-the-debate-over-u-s-funding-for-the-united-nations","title":"Case 255 - Who Is at the Helm? The Debate Over U.S. Funding for the United Nations","description":"\u003cp\u003eSkidmore, David\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe debate over U.S. funding for the United Nations began after the 1994 elections and dragged out over the next several years. President Bill Clinton and Senator Jesse Helms (R-N.C.) would battle to a stalemate as the issue of U.N. funding was tied to other legislation. Compromise was reached with the help of Senator Joseph Biden (D-Del.), but Clinton vetoed the resulting Helms-Biden Act. This case study gives students the opportunity to explore the domestic politics of U.S. foreign policy during the Clinton administration; in particular, how domestic and international politics have become more intertwined since the fall of the Soviet Union. This case also offers insights into the intricacies of the legislative process as it relates to foreign policy.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602984,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover-new_255.jpg?v=1542145015"},{"product_id":"up-in-arms-russias-sale-of-cryogenic-rocket-engines-to-india","title":"Case 256 - Up in Arms: Russia's Sale of Cryogenic Rocket Engines to India","description":"\u003cp\u003eKempton, Daniel R. and Roni Du Preez\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1991 Russia proposed the sale of cryogenic rocket engines and related manufacturing technology to the Indian Space Agency. When the implications of the sale became public in 1993, President Boris Yeltsin came under considerable pressure from the United States, Pakistan, and China to cancel the sale. This two-part case study deals primarily with the motives behind high-technology sales. It also deals with how nations react to such sales when they perceive a threat to individual national security.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602992,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/256_1.jpg?v=1437184188"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/collections\/20110218_Campus_0018.jpg?v=1437747739","url":"https:\/\/isd-georgetown-university.myshopify.com\/collections\/frontpage\/2020s+eastern-europe+2000s+russia.oembed","provider":"Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University","version":"1.0","type":"link"}