{"title":"Global Economy","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"us-ec-negotiation-on-the-accession-of-spain-and-portugal","title":"Case 115 - U.S.-E.C. Trade Negotiations on the Accession of Spain and Portugal","description":"\u003cp\u003eBillings , Bradley B.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eThis case study covers a commercial dispute, nicknamed the Yuppie Trade War, that arose when Spain and Portugal joined the European Community in January 1986. Students can use this case to develop their knowledge and understanding of international trade law, the economics of integration, game theory as applied to trade disputes, and trade negotiations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1204223400,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_115_new_-_2.jpg?v=1540825598"},{"product_id":"nato-alliance-negotiations-over-the-soviet-pipeline-sanctions","title":"Case 143 - NATO Alliance Negotiations over the Soviet Pipeline Sanctions","description":"\u003cp\u003eCrawford, Beverly\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study examines the economic and commercial background and interallied procedures for dealing with exports to the Soviet Union. It explores the problems of negotiation among the allies and, in particular, the possibilities for negotiation when serious differences of philosophy and economic interest exist. This case can be used to examine the relationship between negotiation and the exercise of power between states and   the problems created by issues that are essentially technical or speculative in nature.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602716,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/143_1.jpg?v=1437070909"},{"product_id":"algerian-gas-negotiations","title":"Case 106 - The Algerian Gas Negotiations","description":"\u003cp\u003eZartman, I. William and Antonella Bassani\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1980s, Algeria undertook wide-ranging negotiations in an attempt to impose demands for a higher price base for its natural gas. Though competing Western European contracts looked commercially less attractive than contracts Algiers had already negotiated with the Soviet Union, Belgium, France, Italy, and Spain were all willing, for political reasons, to pay a higher price. U.S. purchasers refused to pay this political price premium, however. This case study’s analysis of this contract process offers insights into the relative bargaining power of the exporters of natural gas, and how this bargaining power depends on shifting economic conditions in the natural gas market. It also describes the tactics that a single-party demander can use against an array of opponents.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602720,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/106_1.jpg?v=1437078551"},{"product_id":"u-s-negotiation-of-voluntary-restraint-agreement-in-steel-1984-domestic-sources-of-international-economic-diplomacy","title":"Case 107 - U.S. Negotiation of Voluntary Restraint Agreement in Steel, 1984: Domestic Sources of International Economic Diplomacy","description":"\u003cp\u003eWalters, Robert S.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the efforts of U.S. trade officials and representatives of the steel industry to deal with foreign steel imports into the United States. It illustrates the complexity of devising and adjusting negotiating positions in the face of competing domestic interests and conflicting international obligations, and analyzes international trade negotiation as a two-level game.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602724,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/107_1.jpg?v=1437069671"},{"product_id":"an-irresistible-force-meets-an-immovable-object-the-united-states-at-unctad-i","title":"Case 108 - An Irresistible Force Meets an Immovable Object: The United States at UNCTAD I","description":"\u003cp\u003eLancaster, Carol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe purpose of the first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was to discuss trade problems relevant to the economic development of less-developed countries. It was a diplomatic defeat and embarrassment for the United States. What happened and why? This case study introduces students to the phenomenon of multilateral negotiations, and is useful in exploring tactics available to large groups of poor, less powerful states for use in pressuring a large, powerful country. It is intended for courses in development, globalization, foreign policy decision-making, and international negotiations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602732,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/108_1.jpg?v=1437069681"},{"product_id":"the-reagan-administration-the-auto-producers-and-the-1981-agreement-with-japan","title":"Case 144 - The Reagan Administration, the Auto Producers, and the 1981 Agreement with Japan","description":"\u003cp\u003eReich, Simon\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe 1981 Voluntary Export Restraint Agreement on the Japanese automobile industry placed a ceiling on the number of autos it exported to the United States. This case study shows how even the largest countries in the international economy must negotiate while constrained by domestic and systemic pressures. It also demonstrates the pedagogical value of having an independent way of deciding what constitutes a negotiated settlement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602748,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/144_1.jpg?v=1437070921"},{"product_id":"opec-and-the-world-oil-market-the-march-1983-london-agreement","title":"Case 160 - OPEC and the World Oil Market: The March 1983 London Agreement","description":"\u003cp\u003eKohl, Wilfred L. and Carol W. Rendall\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the early 1980s, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries was beginning to lose control of oil prices. In February 1983 Norway and the British National Oil Corporation announced oil price reductions, which Nigeria said it would match. After 12 days of negotiations in London, OPEC made a historic decision to lower, for the first time, the price of its benchmark light crude from $34 to $29 per barrel. This two-part case study explores coalition behavior and decision-making, showing how the cartel functioned in the oil market of the 1980s under the pressures of declining oil demand and market share.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602752,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/160_1.jpg?v=1437152024"},{"product_id":"brazilian-informatics-and-the-united-states-defending-infant-industry-versus-opening-foreign-markets","title":"Case 166 - Brazilian Informatics and the United States: Defending Infant Industry Versus Opening Foreign Markets","description":"\u003cp\u003eOdell, John and Anne Dibble\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 1985 President Ronald Reagan ordered an investigation of Brazil’s program to promote a national computer industry, on the grounds that it could restrict some United States companies’ exports and investments. Reagan effectively threatened to retaliate against Brazil’s trade unless it made significant concessions on this issue. This two-part case study is useful in courses on negotiation, international political economy, international business, economic development, and international trade.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602764,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/166_1.jpg?v=1437161765"},{"product_id":"korean-joggers","title":"Case 111 - Korean Joggers","description":"\u003cp\u003eOdell, John and David Lang\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn April 1977 the United States asked South Korea and Taiwan to restrain their export of shoes to the U.S. market. This was the first time the United States used the formal Orderly Marketing Agreement to restrict the import of goods, other than textiles, from developing countries. This case study demonstrates how weak states can successfully negotiate with strong ones through the effective use of various tactics and bargaining strategies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602772,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/111_1.jpg?v=1437069718"},{"product_id":"the-canada-united-states-free-trade-agreement-and-the-cultural-industries","title":"Case 112 - The Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement and the Cultural Industries","description":"\u003cp\u003eFox, Annette Baker\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe idea of a Canadian-American free trade area suggests the economic efficiency of a North American market, untrammeled by obstacles from various political jurisdictions. But Canadians have never been willing to allow free trade to cover film, the performing arts, publishing (books and magazines, in particular), and radio or television, seeking to maintain complete control over these industries. This case study explores how this issue played out in the negotiation of the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement, ratified in 1988.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602784,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/112_1.jpg?v=1437069730"},{"product_id":"the-u-s-japanese-semiconductor-problem","title":"Case 113 - The U.S.-Japanese Semiconductor Problem","description":"\u003cp\u003eO'Shea, Timothy J. C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn July 30, 1986, trade representatives from the United States and Japan signed an agreement intended to resolve a long-running dispute over trade in semiconductors. The U.S.-Japanese Semiconductor Agreement was the fruit of more than a year of complex negotiations aimed at ending a conflict that had started with competition in international markets. This case study describes the negotiations that led to the agreement and its effect on the overall bilateral   relationship. It can be usefully paired with “SIA, Japanese Electronics Giants, and Global Competition in Semiconductors” (Case Study 216).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602788,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/ic113_cover.jpg?v=1532527159"},{"product_id":"launching-the-uruguay-round-clayton-yeutter-and-the-two-track-decision","title":"Case 114 - Launching the Uruguay Round: Clayton Yeutter and the Two-Track Decision","description":"\u003cp\u003eKennedy, David M. [case] and Frederick W. May [teaching notes]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn September 1986, U.S. Trade Representative Clayton Yeutter headed for the resort town of Punta del Este, Uruguay, determined to put the issue of liberalizing international trade in services on the agenda of the upcoming round of trade negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Yeutter had already rejected a compromise proposal to hold negotiations on services in some other, non-GATT forum, so he faced a difficult choice:  break his word and accept the proposal, thereby alienating his allies, or reject the proposal and alienate his influential opponents. This case study is intended to support discussion of the formation of coalitions, the utility of bluff and brinkmanship, and the nature of compromise in multilateral negotiations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602792,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/114_1.jpg?v=1437070500"},{"product_id":"american-diplomatic-response-to-the-1973-74-energy-crisis","title":"Case 116 - American Diplomatic Response to the 1973-1974 Energy Crisis","description":"\u003cp\u003eLieber, Robert J.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study focuses on the energy crisis that erupted in the wake of the October 1973 war Egypt and Syria launched against Israel, and the Arab oil-producing countries' subsequent oil embargo against the United States. It pays particular attention to the resulting tensions between the United States and the European members of NATO that followed. It also assesses the principal events and players, and considers how diplomatic maneuvering achieved its desired objectives despite the unpromising context in which the effort took place.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602800,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/116_1.jpg?v=1437070556"},{"product_id":"restraining-trade-to-invoke-investment-miti-and-the-japanese-auto-producers","title":"Case 167 - Restraining Trade to Invoke Investment: MITI and the Japanese Auto Producers","description":"\u003cp\u003eReich, Simon\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the evolution of Japanese business-government relations over a five-decade period, centered on the dynamic interaction between the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japanese auto producers, and the U.S. government. The study describes the Japanese dilemma in adopting the 1981 Voluntary Export Restraint Agreement, which was the product of consultation, if not formal negotiation, between Washington and Tokyo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602808,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/167_1.jpg?v=1437161777"},{"product_id":"competition-among-japan-the-united-states-and-europe-over-high-definition-television","title":"Case 168 - Competition among Japan, the United States, and Europe over High-Definition Television","description":"\u003cp\u003eKrauss, Ellis S.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe first part of this case study describes the development of high-definition television by Japan’s public broadcaster, NHK, and the efforts to gain acceptance for its technology as the international standard. The second part describes how European resistance to this standard led to the collapse of U.S. support for Japanese technology and the probable development of three separate systems of HDTV in the world. This case study reveals the complicated patterns of competition and cooperation resulting from national interest in contemporary international economic relations, and explores how the introduction, development, and applications of a new technology are all influenced by national and international politics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602816,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/168_1.jpg?v=1437161788"},{"product_id":"shifting-winds-and-strong-currents-george-bush-charts-a-trade-policy-approach-to-japan","title":"Case 180 - Shifting Winds and Strong Currents: George Bush Charts a Trade-Policy Approach to Japan","description":"\u003cp\u003eFratantuono, Michael J.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis two-part case study explores the George H.W. Bush administration’s formulation of trade policy objectives in light of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, through which Congress hoped to take a more interventionist role in U.S. trade policy toward Japan. It illustrates the complex relationship between the legislative and executive branches of government on trade issues; the link between aggressive unilateralism and multilateralism in formulating trade policy; the distinction between micro- and macroeconomic causes of the trade imbalance between the U.S. and Japan; and the manner in which the Bush administration attempted to assuage the competing concerns of various stakeholders. It is useful for both undergraduate and graduate courses in international economics, trade theory, and political economy.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602820,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/case_180_new_cover.jpg?v=1532528341"},{"product_id":"the-ivory-trade","title":"Case 181 - The Ivory Trade","description":"\u003cp\u003eMingst, Karen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis two-part case study examines the conflicting interests of states and nongovernmental organizations in regulating the international trade in ivory. At stake in the negotiations are long-held cultural traditions and economic trade-offs. The question of whether elephants should be accorded level-one protection--banning the international trade of ivory--is the crux of Part A. Part B focuses on the problems of implementing the ban on trade of ivory, and asks, students  to write  a strategy paper for implementing the ban in a specific country.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602824,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_181_new.jpg?v=1532528846"},{"product_id":"thinking-locally-acting-globally-congressman-jim-walsh-and-the-nafta-vote","title":"Case 190 - Thinking Locally, Acting Globally: Congressman Jim Walsh and the NAFTA Vote","description":"\u003cp\u003eLovely, Mary E.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the international, national, and local implications of the North American Free Trade Agreement. It outlines the key provisions of NAFTA and describes the public’s concerns about the agreement’s effects on U.S. employment and wages. Focusing on New York State Representative Jim Walsh, the study illustrates how local politics and local concerns influenced the national vote. It can be used to generate discussion of dislocations from, and adjustments to, trade liberalization, and how those considerations affect legislators’ positions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602828,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/190_1.jpg?v=1437152093"},{"product_id":"from-blair-house-to-the-farm-house-negotiating-agriculture-in-the-european-union-in-the-european-union","title":"Case 200 - From Blair House to the Farm House: Negotiating Agriculture in the European Union","description":"\u003cp\u003eGrand, Richard\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter several years of stalemate, the Uruguay Round of the multilateral talks involving the parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade were sidelined, and talks became bilaterally focused between the United States and the European Union. This case study uses the interim bilateral agreement that became known as the Blair House Accord to illustrate the complexities of negotiating farm trade within the E.U. Negotiators, in resolving agricultural trade disputes, had to find compromises to satisfy various constituencies, mediate the different scales in the global economy, and form alliances within states and across the European Community.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602848,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/200_1.jpg?v=1437162268"},{"product_id":"human-rights-and-trade-the-clinton-administration-and-china","title":"Case 201 - Human Rights and Trade: The Clinton Administration and China","description":"\u003cp\u003eAuger, Vincent A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis three-part case study examines the Clinton administration’s efforts to balance important competing interests in its policy toward China: trade and human rights. Specifically, the administration had to decide whether to link renewal of China’s most-favored-nation trading status to a demonstrable improvement in Beijing’s human rights practices. Part A examines the development of policy from January to May 1993, when the administration was legally bound to make its first decision regarding MFN linkage. Part B describes the policy adopted by Clinton in May 1993, which conditioned future MFN renewal on China’s human rights record and the administration’s attempt to implement that policy over the next 12 months. It ends with the second decision point in May 1994, when the president had to decide whether to penalize China for inadequate progress on human rights by revoking or limiting its MFN status. Part C describes Clinton’s May 1994 decision on MFN and the immediate aftermath.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602852,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/201_new_cover.jpg?v=1532631201"},{"product_id":"gazproms-grab-for-sakhalin-ii","title":"Case 321 - Gazprom's Grab for Sakhalin-II","description":"\u003cp\u003eRotnem, Thomas E.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1994 the Russian Federation signed a production sharing agreement with a consortium of Dutch, Japanese, and American corporations to develop major oil and gas reserves on Sakhalin Island. This case study examines Moscow’s 2006 expropriation of Sakhalin-II, as the project is known, by Gazprom, a state-owned company. (A sister project, known as Sakhalin-I, has not encountered such difficulties.) After detailing the crisis that pitted the Russian government against the Royal Dutch Shell-directed energy consortium, the study puts forth several competing theories to explain Moscow’s motives. It is designed to engage students in an analysis and discussion of what this case portends for the future of Russian economic and political reform, as well as Moscow’s role in world affairs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602864,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_321_new.jpg?v=1524245941"},{"product_id":"the-1982-mexican-debt-negotiations","title":"Case 104 - The 1982 Mexican Debt Negotiations","description":"\u003cp\u003eLeeds, Roger S. and Gale Thompson\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn 1982 Mexico was on the brink of bankruptcy, an event that threatened the entire international financial system. Mexico needed U.S. financial assistance to avoid defaulting on its $80 billion external debt. This case study traces the origins of the crisis from both countries’ perspectives. It also presents the solution, which unfolded through inter- and intragovernmental negotiations over a 48-hour period, and explains how a large number of institutional actors can respond to unexpected international financial crises.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602868,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/104_1.jpg?v=1437151881"},{"product_id":"renegotiating-international-debt-the-young-plan-conference-of-1929","title":"Case 118 - Renegotiating International Debt: The Young Plan Conference of 1929","description":"\u003cp\u003eMcNeil, William C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eBecause of the growth of their international debt since the end of World War I, the European states suffered recurrent balance-of-payment problems combined with intense pressures on fiscal policy. In the spring of 1929 a conference of experts met to find a way to head off this impending international monetary crisis. The conference produced the Young Plan, named for the chief American participant, Owen Young. This case study is structured around the information available to the actors at the time. It shows how the United States had to decide how active it would be in establishing the new international economic order, and determining what role private bankers would play in the formation of American foreign monetary policy. It also gives students an opportunity to see how limits on information influence the determination of policy options.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602880,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/118_1.jpg?v=1437070586"},{"product_id":"money-and-politics-the-iranian-asset-freeze","title":"Case 203 - Money and Politics: The Iranian Asset Freeze","description":"\u003cp\u003eLissakers, Karin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study deals with the use of financial embargoes as a foreign policy tool. Focusing on the 1979-1981 Iranian hostage crisis that led to the U.S. government’s freezing of Iranian deposits in foreign banks, the case illustrates the tight link between global finance and government policy, and explores the intricate legal, regulatory, and political parameters within which international commercial banks operate. This case study is primarily designed for use in classes on international banking, financial policies, or political economy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602888,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/203_1.jpg?v=1437162309"},{"product_id":"north-american-economic-integration-monetary-and-exchange-rate-aspects","title":"Case 204 - North American Economic Integration: Monetary and Exchange Rate Aspects","description":"\u003cp\u003eMaxfield, Sylvia\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eWhile the trinational negotiations on the North American Free Trade Agreement proceeded in earnest during the early 1990s, Mexico and the United States conducted a related set of discussions on the prospect of exchange rate coordination behind the scenes. Part A of this case study discusses the U.S. and Mexican positions on exchange rate coordination, while Part B describes the peso’s devaluation after NAFTA’s launch in 1994.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602896,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/204_1.jpg?v=1437162321"},{"product_id":"the-imf-structural-adjustment-program-for-zambias-agricultural-sector","title":"Case 205 - The IMF Structural Adjustment Program for Zambia's Agricultural Sector","description":"\u003cp\u003eSandberg, Eve N.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study describes the intended and unintended consequences of an International Monetary Fund structural adjustment program for the agricultural sector of and the United Republic of Zambia. On October 5, 1985, Zambian policymakers began implementing a high-conditionality IMF SAP. When this program did not provide the expected benefits, the resulting public outcry forced Zambian policymakers to alter the implementation policies in April 1986. Finally, after food riots and demonstrations throughout the country, Zambian officials canceled the IMF program in May 1987. Students will gain a better understanding of the economic, political, ethnic, and gender dilemmas which formed the basis of domestic opposition to the IMF’s program in Zambia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602900,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/205_1.jpg?v=1437162335"},{"product_id":"bailing-out-usair-balancing-domestic-and-foreign-economic-interests","title":"Case 227 - Bailing Out USAir: Balancing Domestic and Foreign Economic Interests","description":"\u003cp\u003eTarry, Scott\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn 1992, during the heat of the U.S. presidential campaign, a British Airways proposal to buy a portion of USAir, America’s sixth-largest airline, became the focal point in an intense debate about trade, American jobs, and a foreign firm’s attempt to buy a controlling interest in an American carrier. While U.S. Department of Transportation rules prohibited the British offer because it exceeded limits on investment in U.S. airlines, USAir and its suitor sought an exemption from the restrictions. President-elect Bill Clinton faced the difficult task of balancing domestic economic interests against broader foreign policy interests and relations with the British. The case study offers an interesting perspective on the process by which groups attempt to influence national decision-makers, and how those leaders attempt to choose the path that best serves both their own political goals and the national interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602944,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/227_1.jpg?v=1437152203"},{"product_id":"protecting-endangered-species-u-s-trade-policy-and-the-cases-of-china-and-taiwan","title":"Case 240 - Protecting Endangered Species: U.S. Trade Policy and the Cases of China and Taiwan","description":"\u003cp\u003eLetovsky, Rovert and Brian Dwyer\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis two-part case study analyzes President Bill Clinton’s April 1994 decision to impose limited trade sanctions on Taiwan because of Taipei’s tolerance of trade in endangered species’ parts and products. Clinton’s action marked the first time the United States had used trade sanctions to advance environmental goals. This case could be used in courses on world politics or international law to illustrate how a powerful country can unilaterally alter its relations with others, or loosen the linkages between international legal obligations and domestic law.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602952,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_240_new.jpg?v=1540841561"},{"product_id":"to-trade-or-not-to-trade-the-basel-convention-and-the-transboundary-movement-and-disposal-of-hazardous-wastes","title":"Case 241 - To Trade or Not to Trade? The Basel Convention and the Transboundary Movement and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes","description":"\u003cp\u003eBunn, Julia A. and David Blaney\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn March 22, 1989, 105 states and the European Community (E.C.) signed the Basel Convention, which regulates the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes; the agreement entered into force three years later, and was strengthened in 1994 and 1997. While developing nations pushed for a total ban on such exports, most developed nations advocated a more incremental approach to the problem. This case study can be used to examine how, on a global scale, the free flow of wastes in response to economic incentives can lead to a disproportionate amount of waste being situated near poorer populations, particularly people of color; and the role of government regulations in shaping those incentives. It is well-suited for courses in international trade, environmental economics and environmental studies, or classes dealing with international organizations and global political economy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case is sufficiently rich in material that it can be used in a number of teaching contexts. Midway through a course in international trade, it could be used to help students apply their knowledge of neoclassical trade theory to hazardous waste--an unusual tradable good.  In an environmental economics or environmental studies course, the case discussion can constitute part of a unit on \"environmental racism.\" And in an international organizations or global political economy course, the study can be used to highlight several important issues about international regimes: their character and evolution, the role of interests and knowledge in shaping their development, the importance and limits of major powers in dictating the goals and rules they embody, the fragility of compliance, and the kind of evasive tactics employed once they are in place.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602956,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/241_new_cover.jpg?v=1561389953"},{"product_id":"at-the-heart-but-not-part-europe-switzerland-and-its-1992-referendum-on-the-european-economic-area","title":"Case 242 - At the Heart—But Not Part—Europe? Switzerland and Its 1992 Referendum on the European Economic Area","description":"\u003cp\u003eTanner, Rolf\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eIn 1992 Switzerland held a national referendum on joining the newly formed European Economic Area (EEA)—the antechamber to full European Community (E.C.) membership. This case study describes how, against the backdrop of accelerating European integration and the sudden end of the Cold War, Switzerland’s efforts to restructure its relationship with the E.C. turned into an open-ended, broad debate on the future and identity of this prosperous, self-contained nation. The case is relevant to any course that deals with the problems of modern democracy, globalization, regional integration and free trade areas, nationalism and identity, the relationship between domestic and foreign policy, or the strategies of small nations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602960,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/242_1.jpg?v=1437162892"},{"product_id":"negotiating-neutrality-austria-and-the-european-union","title":"Case 278 - The Race to Produce the World's Cleanest Car: Public Policy Issues","description":"\u003cp\u003eLetovsky, Robert\u003c\/p\u003e\nThis case study examines the U.S. government’s Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, an initiative aimed at bringing American automakers together to produce a high-efficiency vehicle by 2004. The case presents various models of industrial policy, then describes the technological, economic, and legislative issues facing both policymakers and the auto firms as they addressed the issue of how to close the gap with Japanese firms. Issues such as who should be the beneficiaries of public policy efforts, and how far policy should go in leading a market, are raised in the case.\u003cbr class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602968,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/278_1.jpg?v=1437184801"},{"product_id":"environmental-protection-or-economic-development-the-case-of-the-huai-river-basin-clean-up-plan","title":"Case 252 - Environmental Protection or Economic Development? The Case of the Huai River Basin Clean-Up Plan","description":"\u003cp\u003eLetovsky, Rovert, Reza Rmazani, and Debra Murphy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study examines the Chinese government’s plan to clean up the Huai River and its surrounding basin, against a backdrop of rapid economic growth, accompanied by large-scale environmental degradation. The Huai River Basin clean-up plan is a microcosm of a broader question: Will China, with its massive environmental problems, be able to avoid a large-scale crisis? Because the plan’s implementation is predicated on a significant level of foreign investment, this study is particularly useful for students of international political economy, environmental and international economics, and economic development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602972,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_252_copy.jpg?v=1551904568"},{"product_id":"a-notable-success-or-too-many-loopholes-japan-and-the-1997-kyoto-protocol-on-climate-change","title":"Case 253 - A Notable Success or Too Many Loopholes? Japan and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change","description":"\u003cp\u003eMori, Katsuhiko\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis two-part case study explores the possibilities and limits of Japan’s leadership role in the global political economy. As the host of the Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Tokyo was tasked with reconciling differences, at home and abroad, over the key issues for the Kyoto Protocol to be adopted in December 1997. This task is viewed through the perspective of Shohei Yonemoto, a member of the Committee on the Global Environment of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry’s Industrial Structure Council. His dilemma: As a leading member of an environmental nongovernmental organization, he favors a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Yet as an employee of Mitsubishi, he has to take into account the concerns of company executives with regard to economic competitiveness. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis study is suitable for courses in international political economy, foreign policy analysis, or Japan studies. It could also be used for professional training in government agencies and companies involved with global environmental issues.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602976,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_253_copy.jpg?v=1551900920"},{"product_id":"turbot-war-canada-spain-and-conflict-over-the-north-atlantic-fishery","title":"Case 254 - The Turbot War: Canada, Spain and Conflict Over the North Atlantic Fishery","description":"\u003cp\u003eDeSombre, Elizabeth R. and J. Samuel Barkin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThe 1995 dispute between Spain and Canada over Northwest Atlantic fisheries conservation, popularly dubbed ‘The Turbot War,’ brought the first military confrontation of any kind between Canada and Spain. This dispute is striking in that it involves the use of force over the issue of environmental management, generally thought to be an issue with a high degree of international cooperation. This case study explores several facets of environmental management, international law, and the relationship between domestic and international politics. It challenges the conventional wisdom that environmental management issues are win-win situations that simply involve coordination to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes, or the assumption that actors have common interests when facing environmental destruction. As such, the study can serve as an example of conflict over environmental resources, of the process of negotiations and renegotiation of international agreements, and the role of unilateral action in international politics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206602980,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/254_new_cover.jpg?v=1551901531"},{"product_id":"mexico-confronts-the-peso-crisis","title":"Case 260 - Mexico Confronts the Peso Crisis","description":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph, James W.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003eThis case study focuses on the collapse of the Mexican peso on global exchanges in late 1994 and early 1995, and the response by Mexico, the United States, the International Monetary Fund, and select other actors. The steep decline in the currency’s value demonstrated that sound economic fundamentals in a newly industrializing country are often not enough to counteract a loss of confidence (justified or not) in that state’s economy. The multilateral effort to support the peso, led by the U.S., further shows that decision-making during economic crises is at least as difficult and time-consuming as during political and military crises. The case study would be useful in several different contexts: classes on international relations and political economy; courses on U.S. foreign policy, to demonstrate the competing domestic and foreign policy agendas facing American presidents; and classes covering politics in developing countries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603020,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/260_new_cover.jpg?v=1532980913"},{"product_id":"managing-the-asian-meltdown-the-imf-and-south-korea","title":"Case 262 - Managing the Asian Meltdown: The IMF and South Korea","description":"\u003cp\u003eCorning, Gregory P.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study asks students to consider the causes of the Korean economic crisis of 1997-1998 and assess the appropriateness of the International Monetary Fund’s response to it.  On a more general level, the case explores the evolving role of the IMF by asking students to think about the responsibility of both lenders and borrowers in the Asian crisis, the problem of moral hazard, and the necessity of structural adjustment in crisis countries. It is designed for use in courses dealing with international political economy or East Asian politics. Although the study will work best for students who already have some background on the IMF and exchange rates, appendices on both subjects have been included to make the case as self-contained as possible.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe case works on two levels. First, it introduces students to the “Asian miracle” through the example of South Korea. It then points to some of the strengths and weaknesses of developmental states in discussing the Korean economy’s rise and its dramatic fall in 1997. The case then asks students to assess different explanations of the meltdown in South Korea in evaluating the IMF's response to the crisis. The case also explores the evolving role of the IMF and the responsibility of both lenders and borrowers in the Asian crisis, the problem of moral hazard, and the necessity of structural adjustment in crisis countries.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603028,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/262_new_cover.jpg?v=1542388728"},{"product_id":"driving-to-discord-u-s-japan-auto-and-auto-parts-dispute-1993-1995","title":"Case 285 - Driving to Discord: U.S.- Japan Auto and Auto Parts Dispute, 1993-1995","description":"\u003cp\u003eElms, Deborah\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1995, the United States and Japan came as close as they have ever come to a full-scale trade war over increased market access for U.S. autos and auto parts. The United States had threatened, under an American trade law called Section 301, to impose sanctions worth nearly $6 billion on luxury automobiles imported from Japan if a satisfactory agreement could not be reached. Japan responded by bringing a complaint against the United States in the World Trade Organization (WTO).  The net result would have been a direct loss of bilateral trade worth over $10 billion. This case study recounts the torturous path to a final agreement, reached literally minutes before the Section 301 sanctions would have gone into effect.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603124,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/285_1.jpg?v=1437185053"},{"product_id":"the-rocky-road-toward-debt-forgiveness","title":"Case 292 - The Rocky Road toward Debt Forgiveness","description":"\u003cp\u003eHey, Jeanne A. K.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eThis case study analyzes efforts by the Group of 7, grassroots organizations, multilateral institutions, and the United States government to enact wide-scale debt forgiveness for the world’s highly indebted poor countries at the turn of the last century. It begins with a history of Third World debt and the major arguments for and against debt forgiveness, then reviews multilateral and U.S. debt relief initiatives. After assessing the impact of Bono, the U2 singer, who has brought enormous global media attention to this project, the case concludes with details of the U.S. budgetary processes that led to funding of debt relief in 2000 and 2001. It would be appropriate for courses in world politics, international political economy, development issues, and foreign policy analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603168,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/292_new_cover.jpg?v=1542665925"},{"product_id":"intellectual-property-rights-drug-access-and-the-doha-round","title":"Case 297 - Intellectual Property Rights, Drug Access, and the Doha Round","description":"\u003cp\u003eElms, Deborah Kay\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis two-part case study follows the negotiations in the World Trade Organization’s Doha Round over drug access. The poorest states in the international community argued that the human suffering caused by diseases like HIV\/AIDS and malaria required changes to trade rules. The WTO Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement mandated global protection of intellectual property rights for pharmaceutical products beginning in 2005, but the poorest states insisted on revisions that would allow them to manufacture or import generic versions of life-saving drugs. The resulting impasse, as the study explains, blocked these changes and threatened to rupture the Doha Round trade talks more broadly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603196,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/297_new_cover.jpg?v=1540829472"},{"product_id":"oligarchs-simulating-economic-and-political-dynamics-in-post-communist-narkonia","title":"Case 300 - Oligarchs: Simulating Economic and Political Dynamics in Post-Communist Narkonia","description":"\u003cp\u003eGould, John A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003eThis is a class simulation designed for graduate or undergraduate courses in comparative political economy, international political economy, postcommunist studies, and advanced courses in American foreign policy. It may also be used as the basis of a take-home writing assignment. The goal is to provide students with a basis to debate the interaction between economic reforms and political institutions in a postcommunist context. Students of U.S. foreign policy will also come to appreciate the tensions created by simultaneously promoting democracy and open markets abroad and maintaining international strategic interests. Although this case is entirely fictional, some elements may be reminiscent of real events in some post-communist countries. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603208,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/300_1.jpg?v=1437185499"},{"product_id":"saving-the-coffee-industry-in-el-salvador","title":"Case 302 - Saving the Coffee Industry in El Salvador","description":"\u003cp\u003eLetovsky, Robert\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe case study focuses on the severe economic, social, and environmental consequences in El Salvador of the long-term decline in global coffee prices. After an overview of Salvadoran history and the connection between land and social peace, the study looks at the coffee industry, both locally and globally, before presenting options for saving what is left of the industry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study is primarily intended for courses in economic development, ideally after students have reviewed alternative models of economic development. It would also fit introductory courses in international relations, political economy, or sustainable development, focusing on issues like the collapse of the International Coffee Agreement and the holdback scheme by the Association of Coffee Producing Countries.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603216,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_302_new.jpg?v=1524244350"},{"product_id":"political-economy-in-putins-russia-yukos-and-the-demise-of-an-oligarch","title":"Case 306 - Political Economy in Putin's Russia: YUKOS and the Demise of an Oligarch","description":"\u003cp\u003eRotnem, Thomas E.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn October 2003 Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Russia’s richest “oligarch,” was arrested on charges of theft, embezzlement, and fraud. The Russian prosecutor general argued that Khodorkovsky was arrested due to illegal activities undertaken during the anarchic era of privatization in the mid-1990s.  Western and domestic critics disputed such assertions, however, contending instead that Khodorkovsky was detained for political purposes by an increasingly authoritarian regime, headed by President Vladimir Putin. This case study will benefit instructors who wish to shed light on a variety of topics, including the developing authoritarianism in Putin’s Russia, interest group politics in post-Soviet politics, and the political economy of economic and administrative reform and foreign direct investment in post-communist societies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603236,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/306_1.jpg?v=1437185643"},{"product_id":"its-not-just-the-economy-stupid-linking-free-trade-and-the-war-on-terror","title":"Case 316 - It's Not Just the Economy, Stupid: Linking Free Trade and the War on Terror","description":"\u003cp\u003eAuerswald, David and Caroline Shaver\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003eBetween 2000 and 2004, the U.S. government pursued a series of bilateral free trade agreements with Australia, Chile, New Zealand, and Singapore. Some of these countries eventually concluded an FTA with the United States, while others did not. This case study considers two explanations of U.S. behavior toward these countries. The first focuses on purely economic concerns: Was a free trade agreement in the economic interests of the United States as a whole, and\/or of major U.S. industries and sectors of the economy? The second focuses on the use of trade to leverage or reward broad security cooperation with the United States, particularly after the 9\/11 attacks and during the buildup to the Iraq War. The study then reviews the outcome of each set of negotiations in terms of which framework it better fits into. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003eThe narrative is divided into three parts. The first discusses the rationales, for free trade as well as the procedural steps required for a free trade agreement in this country. It also assesses the economic benefits of free trade and how trade agreements could be used to entice cooperation on unrelated security issues, in much the same way as economic sanctions are used to punish unwanted behavior and coerce states to change their behavior for the better. The second section reviews the economic rationale for bilateral free trade agreements between the United States and each of the four countries. Part three discusses the major security policies of each country as they reacted to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, as well as the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003. Part four reviews the eventual outcome of each FTA negotiation. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603300,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_316_copy-3.jpg?v=1540828652"},{"product_id":"the-cartagena-summit-cooperative-international-counterdrug-policy","title":"Case 320 - The Cartagena Summit: Cooperative International Counterdrug Policy","description":"\u003cp\u003eFiddner, Dighton and Hunter F. Lutinski\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis case study explores the bilateral and multilateral diplomacy that made the 1990 Cartagena Drug Summit, attended by the heads of state of the United States, Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru, a success.  The United States publicly admitted for the first time that its domestic demand was a major driver of the drug problem, while the Latin American drug-producing states conceded, also for the first time, that they also had a domestic narcotics problem. In addition, the four participants signed a regional multilateral agreement to combat drug trafficking, and pursue new tactics in the “War on Drugs.” Their’ rapport at the summit paved the way for ratification of the 1991 Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act (ATPA).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603336,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_320_copy_09e135e0-2ab6-45f5-a4eb-3056d18df47f.jpg?v=1550871511"},{"product_id":"politics-of-the-people-the-other-side-of-the-oil-pipeline","title":"Case 322 - Politics of the People: The Other Side of the Oil Pipeline","description":"\u003cp\u003eMartin, Pamela L.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt; text-align: justify;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: windowtext;\"\u003eThis case study examines the nexus between the global and local struggles surrounding natural resources, economic and sustainable development, and the environment, based on a firsthand account of a visit to the Amazon. After reviewing the geopolitical and national context surrounding the 2006 Forum on Oil, Human Rights, and Environmental Reparation in Coca, Ecuador, sponsored by the international nongovernmental organization Oilwatch, the study delves into the transnational organization and mobilization of Oilwatch in response to petroleum extraction in the developing world. It then weighs the alternatives within the saga of natural resource extraction, sustainable development, and citizen activism around the globe. This study can be used in classes on international relations, globalization, international political economy, or politics in the developing world. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603436,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_322_copy_2.jpg?v=1540828283"},{"product_id":"pharmaceuticals-patents-and-u-s-trade-policy","title":"Case 328 - Pharmaceuticals, Patents, and U.S. Trade Policy","description":"\u003cp\u003eMcDonald, Michael K.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eThis case study examines the role of intellectual property rights in U.S. trade policymaking by analyzing the Obama administration’s handling of the May 2009 report on Section 301 of the 1974 Trade Act, due to Congress just four months after President Barack Obama took office. The case examines the role of intellectual property rights in trade negotiations, the impact of the 2006 midterm elections on the trade process with respect to intellectual property, and the example of Thailand’s drug licensing program. It offers a concrete look at the politics of trade policymaking, the role of intellectual property rights and the “Access to Medicines” campaign on trade politics, and the negotiating process between the administration and Congress regarding trade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603556,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/328_new_cover.jpg?v=1524166128"},{"product_id":"doing-business-in-south-africa-seeking-ethical-parameters-for-business-and-government-responsibilities","title":"Case 162 - Doing Business in South Africa: Seeking Ethical Parameters for Business and Government Responsibilities","description":"\u003cp\u003eKline, John\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eDuring the 1980s, a serious public debate erupted in the United States over whether, and how, to keep doing business in South Africa. This case study, created for the Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, asks students to decide whether today’s ever more powerful multinational corporations incur additional ethical responsibilities when operating overseas in such environments. The case is primarily intended for use in facilitating the introduction of business ethics into an international affairs curriculum.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206603796,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/162_1.jpg?v=1437152040"},{"product_id":"sia-japanese-electronics-giants-and-global-competition-in-semiconductors","title":"Case 216 - SIA, Japanese Electronics Giants, and Global Competition in Semiconductors","description":"\u003cp\u003eRyan, Michael P.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eThe semiconductor dispute was perhaps the most challenging aspect of the overall U.S.-Japan trade conflict during the 1980s because it was a harbinger of the trade disputes to come in the 1990s. The primary purpose of this case study is to make clear that the dispute was rooted in the vastly different industrial organizations and corporate strategies of the Japanese and American producers. The former were large, integrated electronics producers, while the latter included integrated electronics producers and many specialized, upstart chip makers. The case thus well illustrates the central differences between Japanese and U.S. political economy and their implications for international trade and competition. It could usefully be paired with “The U.S.-Japanese Semiconductor Problem” (Case Study 113).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206604012,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/216_1.jpg?v=1437162457"},{"product_id":"fairchild-and-fujitsu-confront-national-security","title":"Case 217 - Fairchild and Fujitsu Confront National Security","description":"\u003cp\u003eNavarro, Federico, Luis Ramirez, and Michael P. Ryan\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eAlthough inward foreign direct investment has generally been highly beneficial to the United States, strong concerns persist that foreign ownership of key U.S. manufacturing and technological capabilities inherently weakens U.S. national economic security or national defense. This case study explores the U.S. government’s response to the proposed 1986 acquisition of Fairchild Semiconductors, Inc., by Fujitsu, Ltd., and the national security concerns the deal triggered. It also examines the Toshiba milling machine sales to the Soviet Union, the Exon-Florio Amendment to the 1988 Trade Act, and foreign direct investment controls for national security reasons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206604032,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/217_1.jpg?v=1437162471"},{"product_id":"world-wide-pharmaceutical-in-china-investing-in-and-bargaining-with-a-socialist-state-in-transition","title":"Case 218 - World Wide Pharmaceutical in China: Investing in and Bargaining with a Socialist State in Transition","description":"\u003cp\u003eRyan, Michael P.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"normal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 14.0pt;\"\u003eWorld Wide Pharmaceutical is a U.S.-based company, but it is also a global enterprise, conducting sales, production, and research nearly everywhere. This case study explores the company’s foreign direct investment in China, the policy changes Beijing that drove the company’s decision to enter into a joint venture, and the nature of fragmented authority in China and the legal demands that situation imposed on foreign investors. The case is based on a real investment, but details have been disguised to protect the investor and its relationships in China.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ISD - Georgetown University","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1206604052,"sku":"","price":4.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0785\/0759\/products\/cover_218_copy.jpg?v=1551903593"}],"url":"https:\/\/isd-georgetown-university.myshopify.com\/collections\/global-economy\/latin-america+1980s+1990s.oembed","provider":"Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University","version":"1.0","type":"link"}